欧洲文化入门课件.docVIP

英语本科（西方文化）教学补充材料 Highlights of European Culture Questions and Answers 欧洲文化入门精要问答 胡宗锋 主编 Part One Greek Culture 第一部分：希腊文化 What are the major elements in European culture? 欧洲文化的主干是什么? There are two main elements—— the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element. 欧洲文化有两条主干：一是希腊和罗马文化历史；二是犹太教和基督教历史。 2. What are the main features of ancient Greek society? 古希腊社会的主要特征是什么? In Greek society, only adult male citizen had real power and the citizenship was a set of rights, which a man inherited from his father. The economy of Athens rested on an immense amount of slave labor. Slaves worked for their masters. The exploitation was a serious social problem. The Greeks loved sports. They often took part in the contests of sports in Olympus Mount, thus Olympic Games came into being. 古希腊社会中，只有成年男性公民享有真正权力，而且这些权利是从父辈那里继承下来的。 雅典的经济是建立在大量奴隶劳动基础之上的。 奴隶主奴役奴隶，这种剥削是一种严重的社会问题。希腊人酷爱体育运动，他们经常在奥林匹克山举行运动竞赛，后来的奥林匹克运动会即源于此。 3. What do you know about Athens? 有关雅典您都知道些什么? Athens was a democracy and an art center. But only the adult male citizens exercised the power, and the economy of Athens rested on an immense amount of slave labor. The Greeks loved sports. Their festivals included contests of sports, thus began the Olympic Games. 雅典是古希腊的民主和艺术之中心。可是在当时只有成年男性公民享有真正的民主权利，同时雅典的经济是建立在大量奴隶劳动的基础上的。 希腊人酷爱运动， 适逢佳节， 他们必定举行各种运动竞技活动，我们今天的奥林匹克运动会就是由此发展而来的。 4. What did Homer do? Why is he so important in the history of European literature? 荷马是何人? 他在欧洲文学中为何占有如此重要地位? Ancient Greeks considered Homer to be the author of their epics which are valuable cultural heritage. Homer depicted the great Greek men who lived in the period 1200—1100 B. C. and wars happening at that time. His two famous epics, the Iliad and the Odyssey, have survived. As an author of epics, he employed fine literary language to describe wars and men, even though they were dull. He stood in the peak of Greek literature and exerted a great influence on his followers. Homer: As is the genera