第三章 翻译中的语言对比分析Contrastive Analysis in.docVIP

第三章 翻译中的语言对比分析Contrastive Analysis in Translation 1．The distinctionS between the two languages: 1.1语义的差异：英汉词语意义并不是总是一致的，它们的对应程度有三： 1.1.1完全对应： 科技术语和专有名词：aluminum铝；physics物理学；pneumonia肺炎；ew York纽约; the Himalayas喜马拉雅山 European Union 欧盟 negotiating table 谈判桌 trading partners 贸易伙伴 1..1.1.2产生活常见事物的名称 1.1.2部分或大部分对应 cat： She is a cat.=she is callous and cruel; 1.1.3完全或大部分不对应 commuter (people who live in the suburb but go to work downtown ) pandemonium=“地狱”（造词） 1.1.4英语词汇的一词多义 touch :to touch sb to the heart触动心旋 hair touched with grey有点花白头发 to touch glass碰杯 to touch one’s lips to the child’s forehead轻吻小孩的前额 to touch the highest point in one’s career达到事业的顶峰 It’s too noisy; turn that things off and do your homework.关掉那玩意（收音机），做作业！ I’ll pack my things for the trip tomorrow.我明天打点行装。 What a fine thing for our girls!真是女儿们的好福气啊！ The large mammalian brain is the most complicated thing, for its size, known to us. 大型哺乳动物的大脑，就其体积而言，是我们所知晓的最复杂的机体。 1.1.5 Collocation: the collocation of the English words is very active. as proud as a peacock非常骄傲的/Hitler was once as proud as a peacock曾是个不可一世的家伙/ as cheerful as a lark非常高兴的，兴高采烈的/ as clear as day一清二楚/ as quiet as a mouse非常安静的，一声不响的/ heart and soul全心全意地/ in a breeze轻松地/ with flying colors出色地；成功地/ behind the scenes在幕后/ at a gallop飞快地；急速地；用最快速度 1.2词法差异:diversity in morphology 英语 综合型语言 词的关系靠词本身的形态变化来表现 汉语 分析型语言 词的关系靠词序或虚词/助词/量词等来表示 1.2.1动词时态的体现：1)Mrs. Long has just been here, and she told me all about it. 刚刚来过，她把这事一五一十地全告诉我了。 2) A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that it always was, and it will never change 3)”What was I talking of?” said he, beginning again when they were all in the street. 我刚才说什么来着？等大伙来到街上，她又说了起来了。 4) Britain ‘s railway system is being improved.正日益完善。 5）English prose is elaborate rather than simple. It was not always so.如今的英国散文华美而欠简朴，以往的情况却并非如此。 1.2.2量词的增补表达法: 1) To the east a faint pink is spreading.一抹浅红正向东方扩展。 2)Before I arrived in sight of it, all that remained of day was a beamle