翻译(排序版)核专业英语~nuclear energy翻译(排序版)核专业英语~nuclear energy.docVIP

A字开头 A complete understanding of the microscopic structure of matter (物质微观结构 ) and the exact nature of the forces acting(作用力的准确性质) is yet to (有待于) be realized. However, excellent models have been developed to predict behavior to an adequate degree of accuracy for most practical purposes. These models are descriptive (描述的) or mathematical often based on analogy (类推) with large-scale process, on experimental data (实验数据), or on advanced theory.对物质的微观结构和作用力的准确性质的完全认识仍有待于实现。然而，为了实际的用途，能足够精确地预知物质在微观世界行为的模型已经被研究出来。这些模型是描述性的或数学的，基于对大尺度过程的类推、实验数据或先进的理论。 A nucleus can get rid of excess internal energy by the emission of a gamma ray, but in an alternate process called internal conversion, the energy is imparted directly to one of the atomic electrons, ejecting it from the atom. In an inverse process called K-capture, the nucleus spontaneously absorbs one of its own orbital electrons. Each of these processes is followed by the production of X-rays as the inner shell vacancy is filled.一个原子核能够通过发射g 射线而除去过剩的内能，但在称为内转换的另一个交换过程中，能量直接 传给原子中一个电子，使这一电子从原子中被逐出。在称为K 俘获的相反过程中，原子核自发地吸收其自己轨道上的一个电子。当内壳层空位被填充时，随着每一个这种过程，都有X 射线的产生。 Although we cannot see nuclei, we imagine them to be spheres with a certain radius. To estimate that radius, we need to probe with another particle—a photon, an electron, or a g-ray. But the answer will depend on the projectile used and its speed, and thus it is necessary to specify the apparent radius and cross sectional area for the particular reaction. This leads to the concept of cross section as a measure of the chance of collision. 虽然我们看不到原子核，但我们可以猜想它们是一个个具有一定半径的球体。为了估算出半径，我们需要探测出另一些粒子——光子、电子还有g 射线。但是结果又取决于使用的抛射体和它的速度，并且，指定表观半径和参与反应的横截面积也同样重要。这就使得横截面积成了衡量碰撞机率的标准。 After many collisions, the neutron arrives at a low enough energy that it can be readily absorbed. If it is captured by the proton in a molecule of water or some other hydrocarbon, a gamma ray is released. 在许多次碰撞后，中子能量变得非常低，在这个能量的中子很容易被吸收。如果它被水分子或某一些其它碳氢化物分子中的质子所俘获，就会释放g 射线。 As the fragments