自考欧洲文化整体-希腊与罗马文化.docVIP

Content前言 Two Major Elements in European Culture ： 欧洲文化中的两大主要元素： Greco-Roman element –希腊罗马元素 Judeo-Christian element-犹太基督教元素 Division one Greek culture and Roman culture The Historical Context –历史背景 1) Probably around 1200B.C.,a war was fought between Greece and Troy ,ending in the destruction of Troy . 以上讲的是公元前1200年前历史有名的特洛伊战争，交战双方是希腊城邦与特洛伊城邦（那时还没有城市所以是city-state 即城邦），结果特洛伊战败。这次战争在荷马史诗中有提到过，注意细节问题。 --推荐电影-特洛伊战争，这样可以帮助你加深印象 2) Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B.C. 公元前5世纪希腊文化发展达到顶峰，这一标志是本世纪初期驱逐波斯人入侵，以及发生在雅典的民主主义的建立、在科学，哲学，文学，艺术还有历史著作领域方面的成就。 3) Alexander and Alexandria 注意区分这两个人（P2）。 2. Social and Political Structure 社会及政治结构 1) meaning of democracy :民主的含义，即，人民行使主权 --democracy means “exercise the power by the whole people” 2)meaning of whole people :全体人民指，只有成年的男性（外国人和奴隶之外的）。 --by the whole people the Greek meant Only the Adult Male citizens a man inherited from his father .Women, children ,foreigners and slaves were excluded . 3）economy –slave labor 经济方面：劳动力主要依靠奴隶 4)sports-The Olympic Games 体育运动方面-奥运会 地位-The world’s foremost amateur(main profession) sports competition .成为了世界最专业的体育竞赛。 3. Homer 1) The time of Homer : Probably lived around 700B.C.. 2) 2Epics : Iliad Odyssey 3) The story of the 2epics 5. Drama 戏剧 How were plays performed？ Performances were given in open-air theaters，with the audience sitting on stone benches and looking down at the stage from three sides .Actors wore masks b)Sophocles 索福克勒斯(古希腊悲剧诗人) 1）His contribution and influence His works :Oedipus the King –the Oedipus complex (恋母情结) d )Comedy 喜剧 Characteristics of comedy Comedy also flourished in the 5th century B.C. 6. Historical writing started early in Greece. a. Herodotus 希罗多德-希腊历史学家 1）father of history （历史之父）wrote about the wars between Greeks and Persians 2)features of his writing ‘ His history，full of anecdotes and digressions and lively dialogue ,is wonderfully readable . 3)object in writing ； His object in writing was that the great and