词汇学第一章教案.docVIP

Teaching Program for Lexicology Part One Introduction Definition: a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and meanings of words. Functions: to investigate and study the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantics structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages. Part Two Words and vocabulary Definition of word: a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. Relation between sound and meaning: certain sound will represent certain persons, things, places, properties, processes and activities outside the language system. This symbolic connection is almost always arbitrary, and there is no logic relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself. The relationship between them is conventional. Relation between sound and form: Naturally the written form should agree with the oral form, that is, the sound should be similar to the form. Reasons for the differences between them: English alphabet was adopted from the Romans, which does not have a separate letter to represent each sound in the language so that some letters must do double duty or work together in combination. The pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years, and in some cases the two have drawn far apart. Some of the differences were created by the early scribes. The borrowing, which is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary. Vocabulary: it refers to both the total number of the words in a language, and all the words used in a particular historical period, as well as all the words of a given dialect. The general estimate of the present-day English vocabulary is over one million words. Classification of words Basic word stock and non-basic vocabulary; (By use of frequency) Characteristics of basic word stock: All national character; ② Stability; ③ Productivity; ④ Polysemy; ⑤ Collocability. Characteristi