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第12章
通俗时刻
That the issues of empire, its consequences for civic values and the
practice of liberty, participation, and equality, were never raised during
the 2004 elections attests that empire’s tacit precondition—of an uncurious
and apolitical citizenry—is being consolidated.4 Empire prefers a
passive but patriotic subject. While much has been made of the deep
divisions allegedly at work in the electorate, the fact remains that the
2004 election attracted a modest turnout of roughly 60 percent of eligible
voters. This suggests that inverted totalitarianism does not want or
need active citizens, only periodic ones, a citizenry on call.
One shouldn’t expect empire to promote liberty, participation, or
equality other than as versions of economic opportunity. The object of
its managed democracy is not to persuade the citizens but, depending
on the objective, to neutralize or incite them. Managed democracy is
not the creature of a tyrannical majority—as the Founders feared. On
the contrary. Managed democracy thrives not on active suppression but
on an electorate so evenly divided as to prevent the formation of a strong
majority will. While an evenly divided electorate stymies the formation
of effective majorities, it enhances the power of corporate lobbies, that
is, of determined, single-minded, lavishly financed minority wills that
operate independently of electoral results. Near deadlock diminishes
the legislature’s ability to exercise vigorous oversight of the executive
and opens the way for an unprecdented assertion of executive power,
especially if a legislature is riddled with corruption.
ii
Yet there are grounds for believing that while the American empire
may persist, American hegemony is weakening. The debacle of
Iraq, the mounting American casualties, pictures of soldiers without
limbs, Iraqi casualties so numerous that the American military is
loath to report them, the destruction of that soci
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