传感器在生活中的应用 毕业论文.docx

毕 业 论 文题 目：传感器在生活中的应用所属系部：机电工程学院专业班级：机电一体化技术11-2班学生姓名：xxx指导老师：xxx2014年6月18日摘 要21世纪的现在，各种家用电器进入生活，智能手机，数码相机等高科技现代化的家电设备大大丰富了人们的生活和工作，但很多人却不了解这些高科技设备一些贴心的功能是如何实现的，例如：智能手机在放在耳边接听电话时自动的关闭屏幕，以免误操作；数码相机不使用胶卷就可以拍摄照片；空调的温度可以依人的意愿自动保持，电饭锅在饭做好的时候可以自动跳闸，断开电源；楼道灯在有人走动的时候才会自动亮起等。这些看似很神奇的功能全都依靠电器设备内部各种各样传感器的支持。本文对传感器的定义、原理、分类、作用进行了介绍，并对传感器在生活中应用的实例——常用家用电器内部应用的一部分传感器进行了简单的研究，研究了这些传感器在家电设备中各自起到的作用，例如传感器如何实现温度的控制，电源的开关等。在现代，相对于过去而言，各种家用电器的应用，使生活变得更加便利，而且越来越向智能化发展。相信不久的未来生活中，加入各种传感器的各种家电设备必然会更加的智能和贴心。因此文章的最后还对传感器在生活中应用的未来——智能家居进行了一些展望。关键词：传感器；应用；智能家居目 录摘 要···································································11传感器的定义····························································32传感器的原理结构······················································33传感器的分类····························································34传感器的作用····························································45传感器的应用····························································55.1 智能手机···························································55.2电脑·································································85.3数码相机····························································85.4空调·······························································105.5自动门·····························································115.6楼道照明···························································125.7电饭锅······························································136结论·····································································137参考文献································································14传感器在生活中的应用一、传感器的定义传感器是一种能把物理量或化学量转变成便于利用的电信号的器件。国际电工委员会(IEC:International Electro technical Committee)的定义为：“传感器是测量系统中的一种前置部件，它将输入变量转换成可供测量的信号”。按照Gospel等的说法是：“传感器是包括承载体和电路连接的敏感元件”，而“传感器系统则是组合有某种信息处理(模拟或数字)能力的系统”。传感器是传感系统的一个组成部分，它是被测量信号输入的第一道关口。传感器把某种形式的能量转换成另一种形式的能量。有两类：有源的和无源的。有源传感器能将一种能量形式直接转变成另一种，不需要外接的能源或激励源。二、传感器的原理结构在一段特制的弹性轴上粘贴上专用的测扭应片并组成变桥，即为基础扭矩传感器；在轴上固定着：(1)能源环形变压器的次级线圈，(2)信号环形变压器初级线圈，(3)轴上印刷电路板，电路板上包含整流稳定电源