9-第4章词汇学之6种构词法例析.ppt

英语词汇学课程 构词法(I) General introduction Affixation(30%-40%) Compounding(28%-30%) Conversion (26%) The most productive methods 4.1 Affixation/derivation Affixation falls into two categories: prefixation and suffixation and the differences between them are just the differences between prefixes and suffixes. Classification of prefixes The major prefixes can be classified into 10 categories by their meaning. Negative Prefixes否定前缀 Reversative or privative prefixes逆反前缀 Pejorative prefixes贬义前缀 Prefixes of degree or size表范围和程度的前缀 Prefixes of orientation and attitude表方向和态度的前缀 Locative prefixes方位前缀 Prefixes of time and order表时间和顺序的前缀 Number prefixes数字前缀 Conversion prefixes转化前缀 Miscellaneous prefixes其他类型的前缀 1. Negative prefixes(1) 1. Negative prefixes(2) 1. Negative prefixes(3) 1. Negative prefixes 2. Reversative prefixes(1) 2. Reversative prefixes(2) 2 Reversative prefixes(3) 2. Reversative prefixes 3. Pejorative prefixes (1) 3. Pejorative prefixes(2) 3. Pejorative prefixes(3) 3. Pejorative prefixes 4. Prefixes of degree or size (1) 4. Prefixes of degree or size(2) 4. Prefixes of degree or size(3) 4. Prefixes of degree or size 5. Prefixes of attitude (1) 5. Prefixes of attitude(2) 5. Prefixes of attitude(3) 5. Prefixes of attitude 6. Locative prefixes(1) 6. locative prefixes(2) 6. locative prefixes(3) 6. locative prefixes 7. Prefixes of time and order(1) 7. Prefixes of time and order(2) 7. Prefixes of time and order(3) 7. Prefixes of time and order 8. Number prefixes (1) 8. Number prefixes (2) 8. Number prefixes (3) 8. Number prefixes 8.Number prefixes  9. Conversion prefixes(1) 9. Conversion prefixes(2) Before nouns and adjectives to form transitive verbs befriend (to behave as a friend to) becloud (to cover with clouds使遮暗, 蒙蔽) benumb (To make numb, especially by cold;To make inactive; dull:使失去知觉：使失去活力；使迟钝? belittle becalm (To make calm or still; soothe.使平静：成为安静的或静止的；使镇静) With nouns plus –ed to yield adjectives bespectacled( Wea