（精）牛津心理学教程109页翻Milgram.pptVIP

Milgram’s study of obedience 2Milgram的服从研究 Discussion –Factors Explaining Obedience 讨论—解释服从的因素 P109上 The impact of the influences Social impact theory（Latane）-explains factors that might have affected the obedience: The impact of the experimenter on the subject –The experimenter was close (immediate) and important to the subject. When the experimenter gave instructions over the telephone ,obedience decreased.Instructions n.指示; 操作指南; 用法说明; ( instruction的名词复数 ) 命令; （计算机的） 指令; 教导; 教诲;adj.说明用法的，操作指南的;实验者对被试是亲密和重要的。当实验者通过电话下达指令时，服从会增加。 when the number of teacher was increased and they disobeyed the experimenter , the impact of his power and authority was diffused . diffused adj.散布的，普及的，扩散的;v.（使光） 模糊，漫射，漫散当教师数量增多并且他们不服从实验者，他的力量和权威的影响就会被分散。 The impact of the learner’s distress on the subject-The subject was at first not in close proximity to the learner- when the consequences of his shocks were made more immediate ( when the learner was brought into the same room) obedience decreased. 学习者的危险情况对被试的影响——开始是被试不能与学习者近距离接触。当学习者震动的影响更加直接（当学习者被带进同一所房间）导致服从减少。 When there were two teachers, and the naive subject only had to read out the questions, the native subject felt even less individually responsible and obedience increased.当哪里有两名教师，实验很简单只需读出问题，这项简单的实验有很弱的单独承担责任的感觉，而且服从会增加。 The social situation Subject were bound by a social contract , the norms of being involved in research are that the subject do what they are requested to do . 社会地位 被试受社会契约的约束，规则包含在实验中被试被要求做的事情。 Subject had volunteered , which caused a sense of obligation. The location of respectable Yale University added legitimate power to the situation (obedience decreased when the location was moved ) 被试有的是自愿者，因此有种责任感。 在这种情况下，受人尊敬的Yele大学的位置增加了合法的力量（当位置移动服从减少） The apparatus Subject showed momentum of compliance-once they began obeying , they found it hard to justify stopping , （实验）设施 被试显示了服从总量——一旦他们服从，他们发现很难理性地停止， since : the switches only went up in 15 volt increments the