Chapter1.IntroductionofLinguistics解析.ppt

Linguistics 赵华俊 School of Foreign Languages, CAFUC Email: kaiserzhao@163.com Tel: Introduction to Linguistics 1. Definition of Language 2. Definition and Significance of Linguistics 3 .Design Features of Language 4. Functions of Language 5. Scope of Linguistics (Micro- linguistics Macro-linguistics) 6. Some Important Distinctions in Linguistics 7. Origin of language Language touches every part of our lives; it gives words to our thoughts, voice to our ideas, and expressions to our feelings. It is a unique and varied human ability--one that we can use without even a thought, that children seem to acquire language automatically, and that linguists have found to be complex yet describable. This, language, will be the topic of our study. 语言依赖人存在;人凭借语言成其所是,成其所为。人在语言构筑的世界中生存,在语言成就的行为中发展。语言既是显示其他存在的存在,也是成就其他行为的行为。换言之,语言是人类最为基本的行为和生命形式。(钱冠连2005:70) 钱冠连：《语言人类最后的家园》 The tower of Babel 语言乃是人类文明最上乘的结晶，它如此精微，如此难以把握，如此透彻，又如此无孔不入，穿透人的感知，把人这感知的主体同对世界的认识联系起来。 ----高行健诺贝尔文学奖获奖致辞 1. Definition of Language Webster’s New World Dictionary: (p3 ) A human speech The ability to communicate by this means A system of vocal sounds The written representation of such a system Sapir (1921) Language is a purely human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions and desires by means of voluntarily produced symbols. 语言是人类独有的非本能的交际方式，通过有意发出的声音或写出语言符号等手段，来达到传递思想、交流感情和满足欲望的目的。(忽视语言的体系性) Chomsky(1957:13) Language is a set of sentences, each finite in length and constructed out of a finite set of elements. （语言是一套句子的集合，每句长度有限，且由有限的语言成分组成。）忽视语言的表意和交际功能,sentence 和element又该如何定义？ Bolinger(1981) Human language is a system of vocal-auditory communication, interacting with the experiences of its users, employing conventional signs composed of arbitrary patterned sound units and assembled according to set rules. 胡壮麟 Language is a system