MUSICOFINDIA..ppt

BASIC FACTS: South Asia 2nd most populous country in world Birthplace of 4 major religions (Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism) Official languages: Hindi, English and 21 other languages Was British colony until independence in 1947 Over 5,000 years of recorded history Largest film industry in the world; great source of popular music Indian Music Carnatic vs. Hindustani classical traditions (music and dance) Raga and Tala Improvisation and Composition Indian Instruments Indian Instruments Sound Sample CD 2/20 “Engal Kalyanam” (Our wedding) 1969, from Tamil film CD 2/21 “ Devi Niye Tunai” Classical song (kriti) by 20th cent. Composer (singer, mridangam, in Tamil) Medium and fast gats (sitar, tabla) Ghazal, by Zasar (vocal, tabla) (poetic form, “light classical music” Indian Classical Ensemble RAGA Series of pitches Rules for ornamentation Rules for ascending Rules for descending Associated with mood, time of day and North India 200 ragas South India 72 main, several secondary Raga Basant TALA Fixed metrical cycle consisting of shorter units, often of unequal length Basis for improvisation for soloist and drummer Audience participates by counting time with hands Ata Tala Ata tala 5 + 5 + 2 + 2 = 14 beats 2 3 4 5 /6 7 8 9 10/11 12 /13 14// Clap * * * * Clap * * * * Clap Wave Clap Wave Tintal: 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 16 Clap 234/ clap 234 /wave234 /clap234 Sound example: “Medium and fast gats in raga Yaman and tintal” EXC CD 1/1 The Kriti Most well known form of Carnatic music Originally vocal with religious texts Modern kriti repertoire composed in 18th-19th cents. Kriti Structure Alapana (improvised opening, introduces the raga) 3 sections (no breaks): Pallavi: opening section and “refrain” Anupallavi: introduces secondary theme, moves towards climax Caranam: final section (may be relaxed or may be virtuosic restatement of previous material) “Banturiti” by Tyagaraja Voice, violin, mridingam Raga: Hamsanadam (c e