简单句的基本句型----英语语法主线程序.doc

简单句的基本句型--英语语法主线 一、基本句型的作用 学习英语时，我们不得不进行听说读写。听说读写要用句子才能完成，所以必须重视句子，多记句子。英语句子虽然不计其数，但基本上由基本句型构成，或由它们演变而来。我们如能好好领悟基本句型，就能高效多记句子。如能尽可能多地储备句子，就可以听得懂，说的出；就能正确理解英语句子，提高阅读能力；就能判断自己所写的句子是否正确以及写出好的句子，从而提高写作水平。 因为语法能帮助我们更好地进行听说读写，所以掌握基本语法是必要的。基本句型包含了绝大多数语法现象，能帮助我们观察、了解和解释绝大部分英语语法现象。 二、句子成分 为了更好地理解基本句型和学好其它语法，一定要先弄懂句子成分。 句子成分是构成句子的基本成分；由词、词组或从句担任；有主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语（宾语补足语和主语补足语）、同位语。 1. 主语：是句子要描述的人或物，是句子的主体，一般位于句首。一般由名词、代词、数词、动词的ing形式、不定式、主语从句等充当。 Professor Wang/Tom is a very friendly. I use my computer every day. Smoking is harmful to health. To see is to believe. It is necessary to pay him a visit. What we’ll do next has not been decided yet. Where are they going? 2. 谓语：说明主语的动作、状态或特征。谓语由动词或动词短语充当。谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须一致，有时态和语态的变化，一般位于主语之后。 We study English. It sounds good. She should pay for the meal. The bridge will be built next year. Did he read the poem yesterday? They don’t like swimming. 3.?宾语：是动作的对象或承受者，由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语或宾语从句充当，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么，一般放在谓语之后。 He bought a car last year. We often help him. Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow? He began to quarrel with her. Do you know where he has gone? 4. 表语：表示主语的性质、状态和特征。由名词、形容词、介词短语及相当于名词或形容词的词、短语或表语从句担任，一般位于系动词之后。 His father is a lawyer. He fell asleep. Are the pupils on the playground? The news sounded exciting. He seemed surprised at the news. The key question is how we should solve the problem. 注意区别：His job is teaching English. (teaching English为表语) He is teaching English now. (is teaching 为谓语) 常用的系动词：be，seem, become, get, look, remain, appear, feel, taste, smell, sound, stay。 5. 定语：是修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词、短语或定语从句等都可以作定语。 He is a smart boy. She was his friend. They are women pilots. The man standing there is my uncle. He is often the first person to come and the last to leave. The girl called Mary is very tall. The room where we lived is empty now. 6. 状语：用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式或让步。一般由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词、短语或状语从句来充当。 He can read the passage fluently. We have learned English for six