【湖北】2014版英语《高考专题辅导》课件：知识建构 二、完成句子 第2讲 非谓语动词.pptVIP

Ⅱ. 解决方法 1. 掌握不定式的时态和语态构成。 / to have been doing 完成进行时 to have been done to have done 完成时 / to be doing 进行时 to be done to do 一般时 被　动 主　动 时　态 2. 明晰不定式的功能。不定式具有名词的特征, 在句中可以作主语和宾语; 具有形容词特征, 在句中作表语、定语和补足语; 具有副词特征, 在句中作状语。 (1)作主语 To do +谓语. 例如: To see is to believe. 注意: 区别-ing形式作主语。 ①平行原则: 主语与宾语或表语形式相同。 To see is to believe. =Seeing is believing. ②具体与一般原则: 作主语的不定式表示具体性, 一次性行为; 作主语的-ing形式则具有一般性, 泛指一般行为。 ③高考常考的句型: It作形式主语, 而to do作真正的主语 *It be +adj. + to do *It be +adj. of sb. +to do *It be +adj. for sb. + to do *It be +n. + to do *It be +prep. phrase + to do e. g. It’s just like her to think of others before thinking of herself. * It +v. (宾语)+ to do It takes sb. time/money to do sth. It costs sb. money to do sth. (2)作宾语 ①v. + to do(有些动词只能接to do, 如pretend, happen, seem, afford, offer, decide, refuse, agree, manage, plan, strive等等) ②动词+ to do和动词+ -ing形式的区别 a. 区别不大: 像begin, start, continue, like, love, hate+ to do/doing区别不大。 b. 有区别: remember forget regret + to do(表动作没做)+ doing(表动作做过) c. 区别大: try mean stop go on to do 努力做 doing尝试做 to do 打算，意欲 doing 意味着 to do 停下(正在进行的动作)去做另一件事 doing停下(正在做的事) to do 接着做另一件事 doing继续做(刚才做的事) help doing 情不自禁做 can’t help (to) do 不能帮忙做 ③it作形式宾语, to do作真正宾语的句型有: find feel believe it+adj. /n. +to do(to do主动表被动) consider think make to do(do 省略) (3)不定式的省略: to be(be 保留) to have done(完成时，保留have，done 省略) (4)特殊疑问词+ to do 疑问词和动词不定式(wh-+to do)。疑问词部分包括疑问代词who, whom, what, which和whose以及疑问副词when, where和how。它主要具有以下几种功能: ①作主语Where to look for him is a problem. ②作宾语 a. 作动词的宾语 I can’t decide when to start. b. 作介词的宾语 I’ve worked with children before, so I know what to expect in my new job. I didn’t decide what room to live in. ③作宾语补足语 He taught me how to pronounce it. ④作表语 The main problem is whether to work in this company. ⑤“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”的同义句转换。 I don’t know what to do next. →I don’t know what I should