[曼昆经济学原理Chap03.pptVIP

相互依赖与贸易带给我们的好处Interdependence and the Gains from Trade Chapter 3 第三章 相互依赖与贸易的好处Interdependence and Trade Consider your typical day: 早上一觉醒来，叫醒你的是韩国的三星手机（闹钟） 穿上的衣服：棉花产自美国，在中国织成布，在越南印染，在法国制成成衣，贴的是意大利品牌 用德国进口的细瓷杯冲一杯瑞士的雀巢咖啡. 打开日本进口电视 电视里正评论金融危机以及贸易保护主义 Interdependence and Trade自给自足还是贸易？ 切记住，经济学研究的是社会如何生产和分配商品，以满足人们的种种需求。 Remember, economics is the study of how societies produce and distribute goods in an attempt to satisfy the wants and needs of its members. 我们怎样在一个全球化的经济中满足自己的需求呢？How do we satisfy our wants and needs in a global economy? 我们可以自给自足 We can be economically self-sufficient. 我们也可以从事专业化生产，和其他人贸易，但这会导致经济上的相互依赖 We can specialize and trade with others, leading to economic interdependence. 相互依赖与贸易Interdependence and Trade 一个普遍的事实是 . . . 个人和国家都依赖于分工并且相互交换，以解决由资源稀缺引起的问题 A general observation . . . Individuals and nations rely on specialized production and exchange as a way to address problems caused by scarcity. 说东道西论贸易 贸易与人类文明 自由贸易促进人类福利 思想和文化跟着商品周游世界 贸易和相互依赖Interdependence and Trade 但是，这就引出以下两个问题 为什么相互依赖是一种常态？ 什么决定了生产和贸易 But, this gives rise to two questions: Why is interdependence the norm? What determines production and trade? 为什么相互依赖是一种常态？ Why is interdependence the norm? 因为专业化分工和贸易使人们 境况变得更好 Interdependence occurs because people are better off when they specialize and trade with others. 什么决定了生产和贸易What determines the pattern of production and trade? 生产和贸易源于机会成本不同 Patterns of production and trade are based upon differences in opportunity costs. A Parable for the Modern Economy Imagine . . . only two goods: potatoes and meat only two people: a potato farmer and a cattle rancher What should each produce? Why should they trade? The Production Opportunities of the Farmer and the Rancher Self-Sufficiency By ignoring each other: Each consumes what they each produce. The production possibilities frontier is also the consumption possibilities frontier. Without trade, economic gains are diminished. Production Possibilities Frontiers Production