五刺加中花青素提取工艺研究--本科毕业论文.doc

摘 要 刺五加是我国东北地区典型的药用植物，有很高的营养价值。本实验以酿酒剩余的刺五加残渣中刺五加籽为原料，提取原花青素，增加刺五加的附加价值。 本实验利用超声波辅助提取，从刺五加籽中提取原花青素，优化提取条件，并讨论光照、温度、常见金属离子对原花青素稳定性的影响。以原花青素的提取率为指标，通过单因素实验确立影响原花青素提取量的适宜条件，并通过正交实验确定提取的最佳条件。实验结果表明，原花青素提取的最佳工艺条件为：溶剂乙醇浓度为55%，刺五加籽和乙醇的料液比为1:50，超声时间为25min，超声功率为480W，提取率最高，可以达到0.792%。原花青素对光较为敏感。当温度低于60℃时，稳定性较好；当温度超过60℃时，其稳定性较差。所以原花青素应在低温避光的条件下储存、加工。对于常见金属离子，Cu2+对原花青素的影响较大，K+、Ca2+、Mg2+对原花青素影响较小，因此在原花青素提取、精制和加工过程中应尽量避免Cu2+的使用。 关键词：刺五加；原花青素；超声波；提取；稳定性 Abstract Acanthopanax is a typical medicinal plant in the northeast of China,with a high nutritional value.This experiment extracted proanthocyanidins from Acanthopanax seeds to improve the Acanthopanax value. Ultrasonic wave assisted extraction from Acanthopanax seeds and the influence of light,temperature and common metallic ion were studied in this paper.With the extraction ratio as index，the optimal extraction conditions were determined by the single factor and orthogonal experiment. In the ultrasonic extraction experiments,the results showed that the reaction conditions were concentration of alcohol 55%, solid-liquid ratio 1:35, ultrasonic time 25 min, ultrasonic power 480W,and extraction ratio of proanthocyanidins was 0.792%.Proanthocyanidins were sensitive to light.And its stability was bad when the temperature is over 60℃.So proanthocyanidins shuold be stored under the condition of low temperature and darkness.Proanthocyanidins had good stability for K+,Ca2+,Mg2+,and bad for Cu2+.So it should avoid using Cu2+ in the process of extracting and refining proanthocyanidins. Key Words: Acanthopanax; proanthocyanidins; ultrasonic; extraction; stability 目 录 摘 要 I Abstract II 第一章 文献综述 1 1.1 刺五加研究进展 1 1.1.1 刺五加概述 1 1.1.2 刺五加的主要营养物质 1 1.1.3刺五加药理作用 2 1.2 原花青素概述 3 1.2.1 原花青素的化学结构 4 1.2.2 原花青素的理化性质 4 1.2.3 原花青素的生理功能 5 1.2.4 原花青素的测定 7 1.2.5 原花青素的应用 8 1.3 提取原花青素的方法 9 1.3.1 水溶液浸提法 9 1.3.2 有机溶剂-水提取法 9 1.3.3 超声辅助提取法 10 1.3.4 微波提取法 10 1.3.5 超临界二氧化碳萃取法 10 1.4 本论文研究内容及目的 11 第二章 材料与方法 12 2.1实验材料 12 2.1.1 材料 12 2.1.2 试剂与药品 12 2.1.2 仪