土石坝的渗透场及渗透破坏研究讲义.ppt

This Fig shows the relationship between coefficient of permeability and compressive pressure under one-dimensional compression. The coefficient of permeability of the base soil decreases as the compressive pressure increases because soil become denser under compression. The relationship between the hydraulic conductivity and the compressive pressure agrees with the negative exponential equation. * This Fig shows the relationship between the critical gradients and the compressive pressure under one-dimensional compression. The critical gradient increases as the compressive pressure increases, indicating that the soil particles are more regularly aligned and the soil becomes denser with loading on the specimen. Therefore, the permeability decreases while the erosion resistance of the sample increases. * This Figure shows the relationship between critical gradient and horizontal compressive pressure after horizontal loading and vertical unloading. The critical gradient of the specimen increases with the increase in the compressive pressure at first, then it decreases sharply with increasing pressure after it reach the maximum. When the specimen is under one-dimensional compression, the critical gradient increases with the increasing compressive pressure. But when the specimen is subjected to horizontal loading and vertical unloading, the change of the critical gradient is not the same as that of one-dimensional compression. Because in this case, erosion is easier to occur since the particles are locally loosed rearrangement after more shear deformation. More connected pore channels or erosion paths are created in the soil for small particles to move away. As for the impact of the density of the filter, we can see that if the density is less, failure gradient is less before its maximum reach and it can be higher than that of higher density after the peak. * This Figure shows the relationship between critical gradient and horizontal compressive pressure after horizontal