10万吨合成氨驰放气的氨回收工艺与设备设计..docVIP

学院毕业设计 合成氨驰放气氨回收工艺与设备设计 文献综述 学 生： 学 号： 专 业：化学工程与工艺 班 级：工艺2010.7 指导老师： 四川理工学院材料与化学工程学院 二〇一四年 六 月 摘要 氨是一种重要的化工产品，主要用于化学肥料的生产。在合成氨生产中，会产生驰放气，在驰放气当中含有NH3,H2,N2,CH4,Ar等气体。它们是随着所采用合成氨流程，原料，以及操作条件不同而变化的。一般来讲每吨氨产品呢个排出180~240Nm3的驰放气。过去，这些驰放气作为燃料烧掉，近年来，随着合成氨装置的大型化，其驰放气的综合利用也逐步引起重视。从氨驰放气中不仅回收氨气，氢气，氮气等工业气体，同时还可以提取有价值的稀有气体氩，氪，及氦等。一般氨厂采用水洗法除氨，所采用的洗涤水要求使用脱氧后的软水，经过水洗后的氨驰放气含有微量水分和氢，因而分子筛（硅胶）吸附，使安驰放气中氨含量小于0.1ppm，所含水份的露点在-70℃以下。采用填料塔清水吸收合成氨驰放气当中的氨是比较成熟的工艺。 关键词： 合成氨；驰放气；吸收；精馏 Abstract Ammonia is an important chemical products, mainly for the production of chemical fertilizers. In ammonia production, will produce Chi deflated containing NH3, H2, N2, CH4, Ar and other gases in the Chi deflated them. They are used with different ammonia processes, materials, and operating conditions change. In general, the product does a ton of ammonia discharged 180 ~ 240Nm3 of Chi deflated. In the past, these Chi deflated burned as fuel in recent years, with the large-scale ammonia plant, its utilization Chi gradually deflated attention. Recycling not only ammonia, hydrogen, nitrogen and other industrial gases in the ammonia Chi deflated, but also can extract valuable rare gases argon, krypton, and helium. In addition to the general washing method using ammonia plant ammonia wash water used in soft water requires the use of deoxy later, after ammonia after washing Chi deflated contain traces of water and hydrogen, thus zeolite (silica) adsorption, ANCHI deflated ammonia content less than 0.1ppm, the moisture content below the dew point of -70 ℃. Packed column using water absorption synthetic ammonia release ammonia gas which is relatively mature technology. Keyword: Ammonia; Chi deflated; Absorption; Distillation 1 绪论 1.1关于合成氨驰放气国内外情况简介 目前，在合成氨生产工艺中，合成氨驰放气的组成一般为H2，N2,CH4，Ar,NH3等。过去人们常将排出的合成氨驰放气直接排空或直接引入到废气锅炉作为燃料烧掉，驰放气中的氨气排入大气或作为燃料直接烧掉，从而导致系统消耗增加，生产成本居高不下，不符合我国提倡循环经济，清洁生产的发展生产战略。按照我国目前的技术水平，没生产一吨合成氨将产生大约150~25