[笔译1.pptVIP

Translation 第一章 绪论 Ⅰ What is translation? Ⅱ Translation history of western countries Ⅲ Translation history of China Ⅳ What shall we do to improve our translation skills? Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. by Eugene A. Nida（奈达） 所谓翻译，是指在译语中用最切近而又自然的对等语再现原语的信息，首先在语义上，其次是文体上。 Translation is a science, an art, a craft, a skill, an operation, a language activity, communicating. The school of science: translating should reproduce the message of the original by means of the transformation of linguistic equivalence. The school of art: translating should recreating a literary work by using expressions of another language. Lu Xun says: I have always thought that translation is easier than writing, for at least you needn’t work out a plot. But as soon as you put pen to paper, you meet with obstacles. For instance, you can avoid a noun or a verb you cannot make good use of in writing, but you can’t do so in translation. Guo Moruo: Translation is creative work. Good translation is equal to creation… Sometimes translation is more difficult than writing. A writer must have experience in life, but a translator has to experience what the author has experienced. And a translator must not only be proficient in his mother tongue but also have a very good foundation in a foreign language. Therefore, translation is not easier than writing at all. Lu Xun: Creation is difficult and so is translation. Translation is a science with its own peculiar laws and methods, a science related to lexicology, grammar, rhetoric and other branches of linguistics. Translation is process of re-creation and reproduction. Three peaks of translation in history before the May 4th Movement(1919) The first peak: the translation of Buddhist scriptures (The Eastern Han— The Tang Song Dynasty ) Zhi Qian(支谦) Dao