非谓语动词的考点总结.docVIP

语法专题 非谓语动词 to do(动词不定式)、doing(现在分词、动名词)、done{过去分词}统称为非谓语动词。这三类动词的形式在句中不能单独作谓语，统称非谓语动词。下面进行分类解析。 一to do(动词不定式) 可以充当谓语以外的任何成分（英语中的句子成分有七种：主、谓、宾、定、状、补、表、同位语）。 不定式所作的成分如下： 作主语 To learn English is important. 不定式短语作主语时, 往往放在谓语之后, 用it作形式主语, 例如: It is right to give up smoking. 戒烟是对的 （常考/用句式：It is important/necessary/dangerous to do sth） 2. 作宾语 动词不定式做宾语时, 如果还带有宾语补足语, 往往把不定式放在宾语补足语之后, 而用it作形式宾语. 例如: I find it interesting to work with him. 我感觉和他一起工作很有趣. （常考/用句式：find/feel/think/believe/consider it important/necessary/dangerous to do sth） 3. 作定语：动词不定式作定语时,和其所修饰的名词间有三种关系 a.动宾关系 如I have homework to do. to do是homework的定语，可以说do homework 因此不定式to do中的do和被修饰词homework之间是动宾关系 b.主谓关系 如 I have a daughter to look after me. 我有可以照料我的女儿。to look after me作a daughter的定语，可以说a daughter look after me，因此不定式to look after me中的look after me和被修饰词a daughter之间是主谓关系。 C.所属关系：只要不属于上面两种情况的都是所属关系，被修饰的名词常见的有：way/need/time/plan/right/chance/opportunity/movement运动/reason/promise/wish/effort/struggle I found a good way to solve the problem. He thought of a plan to punish the evil governor. It is time to go to work. I have no chance to go abroad. Keep your promise to write to me regularly. There is no need to worry. You have no right to do so. He makes an effort to lift the big stone. (有的可以看成固定词组记忆：a way/chance/… to do sth “做某事的方法、计划…… have no/the right/reason to do sth“（没)有权力、理由……”有的可以看成固定句式：There is no need to do sth; It is time to do sth) 注意： a.作定语的动词不定式如果是不及物动词, 动词不定式后面须加相应的介词, 介词由与其搭配的名词来确定。注意在单选中考察不定式中介词的应用。例如: He is looking for a room to live in. （live in a room）他在找房间住 There is nothing to worry about. (worry about nothing) 这没什么好担心的 Please give me a knife to cut with. (cut with a knife) 给我把刀子切东西. 如不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或way, 不定式后面的介词习惯省去.例如: He had no money and no place to live. 他没有钱也没有地方住 b. 当不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时, 不定式既可以用主动语态也可以用被动语态, 但是其含义有所不同. 比较: Have you anything to send? 你有东西要寄吗?(自己去寄) Have you anything to be send? 你有什么要寄的东西吗?（让别人去寄） 判断之后正确翻译：我有东西要打印（打字员和老板该如何正确表达自己的意思呢）。 你回家之后想和父