本科毕设论文__试论我国居住权制度的设立问题.docVIP

Abstract Since the reform and opening up, our country in the aspect of society and economic have achieved rapid development. Accompanied by the excessive expansion of the economy and even the generation of the bubble economy. The rapid economic development, making a series of social issues are also increasingly prominent. The most obvious problem is that people can not afford housing and basic rights are not met. The reason can not afford housing except the high land prices, there were some people who have real estate assets of the act. Although the state has adopted a series of policies, such as ten countries to determine if a legal system through legislation, then allowing people the right to housing is guaranteed by law, will be more insurance. Through analysis, that the residency system not only conforms to Chinas national conditions, but also solve the existing problems. Therefore, the establishment of residency system is very necessary. This causes the system to establish the right of residence as the starting point, relevant laws and regulations of foreign countries and propose solutions to problems in the establishment of residency, and finally set up residence emphasized the need for more good than harm.  Key words: Personal Servitude ；Rights of Residence ；Necessity ；System Construction 试论我国居住权制度的设立问题 居住权制度起源于罗马，属于罗马法中人役权的一种，其出现晚于地役权。所谓居住权是指居住他人房屋的权利。最初仅作为受遗赠人享受某种利益的事实，在人役权的规则形成以后，判例上为了维护遗嘱自由的原则，尊重遗赠人的意志，对旧有习惯未加以改变。它具体表现为，居住权不因使用者不行使或人格变更而消灭，并且享受此项利益的人还可以把标的物出租。在地役权和人役权的二元结构体系中，居住权是层层缩小和受限制的用益权，是用益权的下属概念。 一、确立我国居住权制度的重要性 居住权制度早在罗马法就已存在，此制度对解决弱势群体的居住问题起到功不可没的作用。居住权制度存在的必要性不仅因其能为基本住房权利提供法律保障，且因该制度符合现今实现经济效率最大化的原则。探究居住权制度是否适合我国国情，是对分析是否该创立此制度和其今后的发展方向有着重要的意义。 （一）确立居住权制度有利于为基本住房权利提供法律保障 随着我国经济的迅速发展，人们贫富悬殊日益增大，房屋价格直线上涨，大量的农村人口涌向城市，使城市人口过度集中，导致有部分人既买不起，又租不起房。可住房作为一项基本权利，每个公民都应当享有。而居住权制度的设立，就是为这些既买不起房又租不起房的人们提供了一种现实可能的选择，让他们享有长期稳定的居住权利，并以法律的形式予以保障。 （二）确立居住权制度有利于实现对房屋的最大化利用 在现代社会中，财产均以它的价值得到最大化利用为首要原则。这也就是说，作为不动产的房屋也应实现它的最大化效用。因此效用是物权立法、司法以及人们从事物权行为