[词的六种构成方式.docVIP

词的六种构成方式 ★1.?词缀法(affixation)：派生法(derivation)的一种，利用词缀(词根加前缀和后缀)构成新词。 Affixation (Derivation) -- the formation of words by adding word affixes to a root. (derivative派生词) According to their position, affixation falls into: prefixation and suffixation. Prefixation -- the formation of new words by adding prefixes to roots. It does not change the word-class of the stem but change its meaning Suffixation --Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to roots. Change the grammatical function of roots (the word class). Suffixes can be grouped on a grammatical basis. Prefixes --- Prefixes are affixes that come before the word, such as, pre+war, sub+sea Suffixes --- suffixes are affixes that come after the word, for instance, blood+y. ? ★2.?转类法(conversion): 无须借助词缀(零位派生)即由一种词类转化为另一种词类。 例：名词转化为动词 He bused to the city.?动词转化为名词 He likes a quiet smoke after supper.形容词转化为名词 There is only one black in my class.He was knocked out in the first round. (n.)Round the number off? to the nearest tenth. (v.)The neighbors gathered round our barbecue. (prep.)The moon was right and round. (adj.)People came from all over the country round. (adv.) ? Conversion (zero-derivation, functional shift) --Conversion is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class. These words are new only in a grammatical sense. The most productive is between nouns and verbs. A change of grammatical function The different range of meaning①Conversion to nouni. Verb to noun-almost all monomorphemic verbs can be used as nouns.have a look/ try/smoke,?? take a walk/ glance/shower,make a move/ guess/ offer/ attempt,?? give a cry/ start/ shudderflow over---overflow, break out---outbreak, take in---intake1)?doer of the action: cheat( one who cheats), cook, coach, flirt, help2)?result of the action: catch ( what is caught), find, reply, reject, import3)?tool or instrument to do the action with: cover (used to cover something), wrap, cure4) place of the