英国文学作品与作家.doc

一、Geoffery?Chaucer?杰弗里?乔叟1343~1400 (首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（John?Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。) The?father?of?English?poetry. Writing?style:?wisdom,?humor,?humanity. 作品： ①?The?Canterbury?Tales坎特伯雷故事集： first?time?to?use?‘heroic?couplet’(双韵体)?by?middle?English ②Troilus?and?Criseyde特罗勒斯与克丽西德 ③?The?House?of?Fame声誉之堂 ④The?book?of?the?Duchess公爵夫人之书 ⑤The?Parliament?of?Fowls百鸟议会 二、William?Shakespeare威廉?莎士比亚1564~1616lplaywright,poet 评价comments： Widely?regarded?as?the?greatest?writer?in?English?literature 莎士比亚同时代戏剧家本·琼森（Ben?Johnson）--他不属于一个时代，而是属于。（He?was?not?of?an?age,?but?for?all?time.） 作品： ①?Historical?plays:?Henry?VI?;?Henry?IV?:?Richard?III?;?Henry?V?；Richard?II；Henry?VIII ②Four?Comedies:?As?You?Like?It皆大欢喜;?Twelfth?Night第十二夜;?A?Midsummer?Night’S?Dream仲夏夜之梦;?Merchant?Of?Venice威尼斯商人 ③Four?Tragedies:?Hamlet哈姆莱特;?Othello奥赛罗;?King?Lear李尔王;?Macbeth麦克白 ④Shakespeare?Sonnet?:154?The?Sonnets Three?quatrain?and?one?couplet,?ababcdcdefefgg? 三、Francisl?Bacon弗兰西斯?培根1561~1626 Bacon’s?quote 1、?knowledge?is?power?知识就是力量。 2、?Beauty?is?as?summer?fruits,?which?are?easy?to?corrupt,?and?cannot?last;?and?for?the?most?part?it?makes?a?dissolute?youth,?and?an?age?a?little?out?of?countenance??美犹如盛夏的水果，是容易腐烂而难保持的，世上有许多美人，她们有过放荡的青春，却迎受着愧悔的晚年。 3、?Natural?abilities?are?like?natural?plants,?that?need?pruning?by?study;?and?studies?themselves?do?give?forth?directions?too?much?at?large,?except?they?be?bounded?in?by?experience.?天生的能力好像天然生成的植物，必须通过学习加以修整；然而学习本身如若不由实践去约束，必然方向纷杂而漫无目的。 4、?Virtue?is?like?a?rich?stone,?best?plain?set?美德好比宝石，在朴素背景的衬托下反而更华丽。 评价 ??the?founder?of?English?materialist?philosophy. ??The?founder?of?modern?science?in?England.? ??a?representative?of?the?English?renaissance. ??a?well-known?philosopher,?scientist?and?essayist.? Bacon’s?works?establish?and?popularize?an?inductive?methodology?for?scientific?inquiry,?often?called?the?Baconian?method.?Induction（归纳法）implies?drawing?knowledge?from?the?natural?world?through?experimentation,?observation,?and?testing?of?hypotheses.? （哲学家、