英语教学法复习英语学法复习.doc

Revision Contents:Unit 1 Language and Learning 1)Structural View: It sees language as a linguistic system . 2)Functional View: It sees language as a linguistic system but also as a means for doing things. 3)Interactional View: It considers language as a communicative tool. 2. What are the major Views on language learning? 1)Behaviouralist theory Based on the theory of conditioning, Skinner suggested language is also a form of behaviour. It can be learned the same way as an animal is trained to respond to stimuli. This theory of language learning is referred to as behaviouralism, which was adopted for some time by the language teaching profession, particularly in America. One influential result is the audio-lingual method, which involves endless “ listen and repeat” drilling activities. The idea of this method is that language is learned by constant repetition and the reinforcement of the teacher. Mistakes were2 immediately corrected, and correct utterances were immediately praised. This method is still used in many parts of the world today.Cognitive theory It seems to be largely the result of Noam Chomsky’s reaction to Skinner’s behavioural theory, which led to the revival of structural linguistics. The key point of Chomsky’s theory is reflected in his most famous question: if language is a learned behaviour, how can a child produce a sentence that has never been said by others before. One influential idea is that students should be allowed to create their own sentences based on their understanding of certain rules. This idea is clearly in opposition to the Audio-Lingual Method. According to the cognitive theory, learning is a process in which the learner actively tries to make sense of data. The basic technique associated with a cognitive theory of language learning is the problem-solving task.Constructivist theory: Learning is a complex cognitive process in which the learner constructs meaning based on his or her own experiences and what he /she already k