英语词汇学(完结版).doc

1.外来词分为四类：Denizens ,cup from cuppa , port form portus 2) Aliens garage , décor 3) Translation –loans e.g. long time no see 4) Semantic- loans.e.g. dream2.Motivation 分类：onomatopoeic motivation, morphological motivation, semantic motivation, etymologicalmotivation. ?Types of meaning: grammatical ~ lexical ~; conceptual ~ associative ~(connotative~, stylistic~, affective ~,collocative ~,) 多义关系及两种研究方法:Polysemy is a common feature peculiar to all natural language that one word has two or more senses or meanings. Diachronic approach is an approach to polysemy which studies how a word derived its different meanings from its primary meaning in the course of time. 3.Synchronic approach is an approach to polysemy which studies the coexistence of various meanings of the same word in a certain historical period of time. 4.Primary meaning is the only meaning that a word had when it was first created. 5.Derived meanings are the meanings that a word gets from the primary meaning at different stages of its development in the course of time. 6.同形同音异义关系 Homonymy is one of the features of words that a word is different in meaning from another, but either identical both in sound and spelling or identical only in sound or spelling with the other Homonyms generally fall into three classes: perfect homonyms (same name); homographs (same spelling) and homophones （some sound）. Perfect homonyms are those words identical both in sound and spelling, but different in meaning, e.g. bear /bea/ (n) a large heavy animal; bear /bea/ (v) to put up with. Homographs are the words identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning, e.g. saw / / (v) to scatter seeds; sow /sau/ (n) female adult pig. Homophones refer to the words identical only in sound but different in spelling and meaning, e.g. dear /dia/ (n) a loved person; deer /dia/ (n) a kind of animal. 7.同形同音异义词与多义词的区别 Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully identical with regard to spelling and pronunciation. This creates the problem