IBDV病毒学翻译..docx

Acute infectious bursal disease in poultry: A reviewThis review is focused on the acute form of infectious bursal disease (IBD) caused by very virulent IBDvirus (vvIBDV). 本文主要讲述了由传染性法氏囊炎强毒引起的急性型传染性法氏囊炎。First described in Europe about 10 years ago, this new form of the disease has rapidly spread all over the world, causing dramatic losses; after a decade, it still represents a considerable threat to the poultry industry.十年前最先在欧洲发现这种新型疾病，后来迅速蔓延至全世界，造成养鸡业重大损失。十年后，该病仍然对养鸡业造成重大威胁。Emergence of the acute forms of the disease has drastically changed the epidemiology of IBD.急性型传染性法氏囊炎的出现彻底改变了该病的流行病学。Although their origin is still under investigation, vvIBDVs have spread all over the world in a very explosive but conserved manner. 该病的病因仍在研究中，急性型法氏囊炎病毒已经以保守方式在全世界爆发。This raises the question of the origin of vvIBDVs, of the possible existence of reservoirs and of the possible emergence of new, distinct lineages in the future.这就提出了变异的起源问题，基因库的存在和可能在未来不同的谱系中出现新的品系。While it has become clear that amino acids within the variable region of virus protein VP2 account for the molecular basis of antigenic variation, no definite hot spot that determines pathogenicity has been identified. 虽然病毒的VP2蛋白氨基酸可变区为解释抗原的变异提供了分子基础，但仍然无法确定致病性的改变。Fingerprints of VP2 on vvIBDVs have to be considered more as common evolutionary markers than as virulence markers. 必须考虑VvIBDV的VP2的指纹的共同进化标志是不是毒力标志。The search for such markers is in progress.这种标志仍在研究中。Pathogenesis of the disease is still poorly understood, and cytokines might play a crucial role in the onset of the disease and in the development of immunosuppression.本病的发病机制仍知之甚少，细胞因子可能在发病的疾病和免疫抑制的发展中发挥了至关重要的作用。 Mechanisms such as apoptosis andnecrosis have been described in lymphoid organs and are involved in the severity of the disease.细胞凋亡和坏死等机制已在淋巴器官的描述和参与了疾病的严重性。Macrophages, especially, could play a specific role in the acute phase.尤其是巨噬细胞可以在急性时期发挥特定作用。Classical serotype 1 vaccines still induce good protection, but the actual problem for control of the dis