【精品系列】2014届高考英语二轮专题课件猜测词义题.pptVIP

猜测词义题 高考对考生推测词义能力的考查是非常重视的。这就要求我们在阅读时要通过上下文交代的内容作出合乎逻辑的推理。在必要时，做些语法分析，通过词与词的关系，确定其词性；有时根据常识和生活经验或构词法知识，完全可以对那些从未见过的生词的词义作出正确的推测。 The word “…” in line…most nearly/probably means ______. In line…， the word “…” refers to ______. In line…， the word “…” could best be replaced by which of the following? The word “…” as used in line…in this passage means______. The word “…” as used in line…is closest in meaning to ______. In line…， “…” could properly be replaced by______. By “…”， the author means ______. 做这种题时，特别要注意的是，对于那些我们熟悉的词千万不要妄自、草率下结论，一定要结合上下文判断它在文中的意思。具体有以下5种方法： 1. 利用“同义关系”猜测词义 (1)被考查的词汇在文章中往往被同义词、同位词、定语从句等来解释或限定，根据这些词可以很容易猜测词义。 William Shakespeare said, “The web of our life is of a mingled_yarn (纱线), good and ill together. ” The underlined word “mingled” in the paragraph most probably means “______”. A. simple B. mixed C. sad D. happy 解析：B　a mingled yarn 应与good and ill together同义，指交叉的，好的与坏的并存。 (2)作者常会用be, mean, refer to, in other words, that is (to say)等指示性词或词组来进一步解释说明某一词或短语，即生词和这些指示词后面部分的含义一样。　　 Mary felt perturbed,_that is, she was greatly disturbed by her sisters action. 解析：你可能对句子中的perturbed不熟悉，但后面that is所引导的句子是对它的解释，从而可以猜出，它和disturbed的词义相近。 (3)有时候标点符号，如破折号、冒号或括号均可以表示同义关系或解释。 Genetic learning is learning by a species — animals of the same kind — as a whole… 解析：句中的破折号就是对画线部分的最好的注释，因此species指 “物种。” (4)有时作者也常用such as, like, for example, for instance等进一步解释说明前面某一词句或某一现象。通过所举的例子，便可理解生词的含义。 2. 利用上下文的“对比、转折”关系来猜测词义 通过意思相反或对应的两个句子或两部分来判断其中某一部分的意思。这时只要知道其中一部分的含义，则另一部分也就一目了然了。两部分之间常用while, but, however, on the contrary, on the other hand等来表示转折，根据这样的标志词可以准确解释词义。 Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked_on_teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from me