Grammar1_Sentences句子.docVIP

语法专题精讲1-句子种类 I. 要点 句子按其结构可以分为以下三类： ——简单句（Simple Sentences）：只包含一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句，例如：She is fond of collecting stamps.　 她喜欢集邮。(主)　 (谓) —句子类型： SV (V为不及物动词) I waited. SVO We enjoyed the film. SVA I waited eagerly. I waited at school SVOA We enjoyed the film very much. We enjoyed the film last night. *SVO的补充类型 SVP (V为联系动词,P:predicative表语) I am happy. You look tired. SVOiOd (Oi :indirect object间接宾语 Od：direct object直接宾语) She sent me a message. —可改为（to 型） V+Od +to +Oi She sent a message to me. —可改为（for 型）V+Od +for +Oi She bought a book for me. —既可改为（to 型）也可改为（for 型）V+Od +to/for +Oi She sang a song to/for me. SVOC (OC：object complement 宾补) —形容词做宾补,表明宾语的性质、状态：She painted the door red. —名词（短语）做宾补，说明宾语的身份、性质等：We call the baby Sarah. —不定式做宾补： -带to的不定式：We have invited all our friends to come. -不带to的不定式：She noticed a car crash into a big tree. —动词-ing做宾补：说明宾语正在进行的行为：I saw him waiting at the school gate. —动词-ed做宾补，补充说明宾语被施加的行为：I will have all the material gathered this afternoon. —“as/for+名词/代词”做宾补，常用于一些特定的结构中。We all think of this poem as a description of the natural beauty. You can keep whatever you like here for yourself. ***识记高频考点：1. to 型双宾语动词 2. for 型双宾语动词 3.to 型/for型双宾语动词 4.不带to的不定式变为被动语态时，加to ——并列句（Compound Sentences）：包含两个或两个以上简单句的句子，句与句之间通常 用并列连词and ,but，or 或分号来连接，例如： The food was good but he had little appetite.食物很精美，但他却没什么胃口。He met Jane at the station and went shopping.(同一个主语时，可以省略) ——复合句（Complex Sentences）：包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连词引导，例如：　The film had begun when we got to the cinema.　主句　　　　　　 从句　我们到达电影院的时候，电影已经开演了。 按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 ——陈述句（Declarative Sentences）：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法,结构为：主语部分+谓语部分。　 Light travels faster than sound.　光比声速度快。　　（说明事实）　 The film is rather boring.　这部电影很乏味。 （说明看法） （1）陈述句的肯定形式 I know you will come whatever difficulty you might come across.我知道不管遇到什么样的困难你都会来的。(正常语序) Here comes the bus full of children from the states.公共汽车载着一车美国来的儿童驶来了。（倒装语序）（2）陈述句的否定形