[对外经济贸易大学经济学导论通用讲义十.pptVIP

供给与需求的市场力量 4 影响买者物品需求的因素有哪些？ 影响卖者物品供给的因素有哪些？ 供给与需求怎么决定物品出售的价格与数量？ 影响供给与需求的因素又是如何影响市场价格与数量？ 市场是如何配置资源的？ 需求曲线的移动：买者的数量 弹性及其应用 5 什么是弹性？弹性能帮助我们理解什么问题？ 什么是需求价格弹性？它与需求曲线有什么联系？它与收益与支出又有什么联系？ 什么是供给价格弹性？它与供给曲线有什么联系？ 什么是需求收入弹性与需求的交叉价格弹性？ 在新闻中的交叉价格弹性 “汽油价格上升，买者转而购买小排量汽车” -纽约时报，2008年5月2日 “汽油价格上升，学生多选网上课程” -高等教育纪事，2008年7月8日 “汽油价格影响到自行车销售”  -美联社，2008年5月11日 “骆驼在印度的需求大幅上升” （骆驼是耗油的拖拉机的替代品）  -金融时报，2008年5月2日 “高油价使农民更喜欢用骡子” -美联社，2008年5月21日 供给、需求与政府政策 6 什么是价格上限与价格下限？各有什么例子？ 价格上限与价格下限如何影响市场结果？ 税收如何影响市场结果？对买者还是卖者征税对市场结果有什么不同吗？ 什么是税收归宿？什么决定税收归宿？ This chapter builds on the previous two (supply demand and elasticity). Students who learned those chapters well usually do not have much difficulty with the material in Chapter 6. This chapter can usually be covered in about 90 minutes of class time. I have combined the analysis of price ceilings with the rent control example, and I’ve combined the analysis of price floors with the minimum wage example. (In contrast, the textbook presents a generic analysis of price ceilings, then the rent control example, then a generic analysis of price floors, then the minimum wage). Most students learn new concepts better in the context of a specific example rather than a generic analysis, and combining them in this way saves class time. Here’s an idea you might consider: At the end of the class session just prior to the one in which you begin to cover this chapter, ask students to take out a piece of blank paper, and write down whether they think the minimum wage should be increased, and their reason(s). Tell them not to write their names (you want them to be candid), and have them leave their pieces of paper in a pile as they exit the classroom. Later, divide the papers into two groups based on whether they support or oppose increasing the minimum wage. In this PowerPoint file, immediately after this slide, ins