conductor thermal rating（导体温度）.docVIP

VIII. CONDUCTOR AND LINE ANALYSIS VIII-1 Conductor Thermal Rating The integrity of conductors can be affected by temperature. It is commonly accepted that aluminum begins to anneal at a conductor temperature of about 100°C. Annealing results in loss of aluminum strength. For all aluminum conductors (AAC), this can be an important consideration. Conductors that get much of their strength from steel (aluminum conductor steel reinforced - ACSR) will tolerate more annealing. Annealing is a cumulative affect and is a function of both aluminum temperature and time. Conductors can withstand high fault currents for short times (tenth of seconds) that are many times greater than the load current for which they are designed. A Figure in the Aluminum Electrical Conductors Handbook indicates that an aluminum conductor may lose 5% of its strength after 500 hours at 100°C or 2 hours at 150°C. Aluminum melts at about 650°C. This temperature must be avoided. Another consideration affected by conductor temperature is clearance. As conductor temperature goes up, the conductor expands and the line sag increases. The exact transmission line design and right-of-way maintenance dictate how much sag can be tolerated. This must be evaluated on a line by line and span by span basis. Historically, three current rating have been used for transmission line conductors. SMECO’s definition of Emergency Rating is based on allowing the conductor to operate at 75°C. This is conductor Rating 2 in the Transmission 2000 (T2000) database. Conductor Rating 1 is the Normal Rating for this TLRP analysis. Normal Rating is a current that is 75% of the Emergency Rating (Rating 2) current. SMECO’s system is designed so that with the system in its normal configuration, conductor currents do not exceed this Normal Rating. Conductor Rating 3 is defined as 115% of the Emergency Rating 2 current for this TLRP analysis. Electrical Heating There are two main effects that add heat and t