chemistry1215实验# 11 slccscience（ chemistry1215 experiment#11-slccscience）.docVIP

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chemistry1215实验# 11 slccscience（ chemistry1215 experiment#11-slccscience）.doc

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chemistry1215实验# 11 slccscience（ chemistry1215 experiment#11-slccscience）

Chemistry 1215 Experiment #12 Determination of the Atomic Weight of a Metal Objective In this experiment you will determine the atomic weight of a metal by measuring the amount of hydrogen gas it produces when it dissolves in acid. You will use the atomic weight to identify the metal, then calculate the percent error of your determination. Introduction Numerous years of experimentation with gases by numerous scientists revealed that there are four variables that must be known in order to characterize the physical state of the gas. These four variables are pressure, P; temperature, T; volume, V and the amount of gas, usually in moles, n. The ideal gas law describes the relationship between these variables for an ideal gas (Equation 1). An ideal gas is a hypothetical gas in which the molecules don’t occupy volume and there is no interaction between gas molecules. No gas is ideal, however, at low temperatures and pressures, the ideal gas equation is a close approximation and thus is very useful. PV = nRT Equation 1 In equation 1, the quantity R is a constant often called the gas constant. The value of R depends on the units for the variables in the equation, however, the two most common values are 0.0821 L.atm/mol.K or 8.314 J/mol.K. Note that the ideal gas law requires that temperatures be measured in Kelvin, K. In this experiment you will react a known mass of an unknown metal with aqueous hydrochloric acid according to Equation 2, where M stands for the unknown metal. M(s) + 2HCl(aq) ? MCl2(aq) + H2(g) Equation 2 The hydrogen gas produced by this reaction will be collected by downward displacement of the dilute acid in a eudiometer tube (see Figure 1) and the volume of the gas will be determined from the scale on the side of the tube. Since the hydrogen gas is collected over water, water vapor is inherently present. Because the collected hydrogen gas contains water vapor you must account for water vapor pressure in all your calculations. Th