celestial navigation- national universityof singapore（国立新加坡大学天文导航）.docVIP

Content Page : Introduction Why celestial navigation The theory behind celestial navigation 4) Celestial navigation in the past :? -???????? Wayfinding (non-instrumental navigation) -???????? Viking navigation (sun navigation) -???????? Columbus navigation (dead reckoning) ? 5) Navigational Instruments: ??? -Latitude hook, kamal ??? -Cross staff back staff ??? -Quadrant ??? -Astrolabe ??? -Nocturnal ??? -Sextant ??? -Simple Celestial Navigation with the sextant 6) Finding the latitude: ??? - By Polaris ??? - Taking noon sun sights ? 7) Global Positioning System (GPS) Navigation in the Singapore Navy 9) Navigation Procedure: ??????? - Sun Run Sun ??????? - Sun Run Merpass Merpass Run Sun ???????? 10) Bibliography 1. Introduction : The human race has been using the heavens to find their way since the beginning of recorded history. Some of these methods are actually very simple while others are extremely complex. In celestial navigation, the navigator observes the celestial bodies like the Sun, Moon and the stars to locate his position on Earth. Our group has chosen to do this project because we believe that celestial navigation is a beautiful form of human art and the study of it should be continued despite the rise of GPS (Global Positioning System). And even so, celestial navigation is still essential, especially when technology fails. ? 2. Why celestial navigation? Understanding navigation, emergency maintaining skills Tradition Enjoyment Perspective of Life ? Understanding navigation, emergency maintaining skills Instances where electronic failure due lighting strikes, flooding and other disasters are often documented. Even battery-powered handheld equipment can fail when the batteries run out. Hence it’s advantageous to have some knowledge of celestial navigation for back up purposes. Furthermore celestial navigation is also the only reliable means of checking the gyro at sea. In a Discovery channel do