InternetProtocol.pptVIP

Internet Protocol ECS 152A Xin Liu Goals Principles of network layer services Internet Protocol Addressing Routing ICMP Overview Network layer functions transport packet from sending to receiving hosts network layer protocols in every host, router Functions path determination: route taken by packets from source to dest. Routing algorithms forwarding: move packets from router’s input to appropriate router output call setup: some network architectures require router call setup along path before data flows (not Internet) Network service model Q: What service model for transporting packets from sender to receiver? guaranteed bandwidth? preservation of inter-packet timing (no jitter)? loss-free delivery? in-order delivery? congestion feedback to sender? Virtual circuits call setup, teardown for each call before data can flow each packet carries VC identifier (not destination host ID) every router on source-dest path maintains “state” for each passing connection link, router resources (bandwidth, buffers) may be allocated to VC to get circuit-like perf. “source-to-dest path behaves much like telephone circuit” Virtual circuits: signaling protocols used to setup, maintain teardown VC used in ATM, frame-relay, X.25 not used in today’s Internet Datagram networks: the Internet model no call setup at network layer routers: no state about end-to-end connections no network-level concept of “connection” packets forwarded using destination host address packets between same source-dest pair may take different paths VC vs. Datagram VC Guaranteed service Complexity Datagram Simple Best effort Internet Protocol Functionality: Determine how to route packets from source to destination Hide the details of the physical network Unreliable, connectionless, datagram delivery To be mentioned: Addressing Routing ICMP Encapsulation source destination IP header IP Header Version: 4 Header length: 4 bits, max 15x4=60 bytes TOS: 0 for normal service, Total length: 16