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引擎的功用就是把燃烧汽油产生的热能，透过一连串机械动作，转变有用的机械动能，推动汽车．目前绝大部份的汽车都是配用活塞上下往复式引擎，就是利用活塞上下起落动作，通过连杆和曲轴，转为为旋转式．它的工作原理是先将汽油与空气混合雾化，经过压缩，著汽汽油的燃烧，膨胀产生动力的．这一程序，称为四行程或四冲程（four stroke）． 四行程引擎示意图 进气行程 ： 活塞在上止点位置，进气阀开启，排气阀关闭．活塞开始下降，燃烧室产生半真空状态，将进气管的混合气吸入燃烧室． 压缩行程： 进气行程完成后，进气阀关闭，活塞在下止点，开始上升，当活塞上升至上止点时，可燃的混合气体被压缩，压缩使容积缩小，密度加大，温度升高，更有利于点燃和产生高压动力． 膨胀行程： 压缩行程完结后，可然混合气脏经过高度压缩，这时候，火花塞跳出火花，点燃气体．汽油燃烧迅速膨胀，将活塞顶向下推，这时进排气阀均关闭，因此产生高压动力． 排气行程： 活塞被推至下止点，开始上升，这时排气阀开启，活塞上升将燃烧后的废气排出汽缸．于是活塞又下降，进行进气行程，重覆上述进压爆排的循环 ．四行程活塞上落两次(720o)才有一次膨胀动力行程． 1| 评论 Car enginesby Chris Woodford. Last updated: February 3, 2012. Think back 100 years to a world where people generally got around by walking or riding horses. What changed things? The invention of the car. Wheels may be 5500 years old, but the cars we drive round in today made their debut only in 1885. That was when German engineer Karl Benz (1844–1929) fastened a small gasoline (petrol) engine to a three-wheeled cart and made the first primitive, gas-powered car. Although Benz developed the automobile, another German engineer, Nikolaus Otto (1832–1891), was arguably even more important—for he was the man whod invented the gasoline engine in the first place, about two decades earlier. Its a testament to Ottos genius that virtually every car engine made ever since has been inspired by his four-stroke design. Lets take a look at how it works!Photo: Car engines turn energy locked in liquid fuel intoheat and kinetic energy. Theyre full of pipes and cylinders because they work like mini chemical plants. This is the powerful V12 engine on a gloriously restored Jaguar XJS sports car from the late 1970s. A hi-res version of this image is available from our Flickr page.What is a car?Thats not quite such an obvious question as it seems. A car is a metal box with wheels at the corners that gets you from A to B, yes, but its more than that. In scientific terms, a car is anenergy converter: a machine that releases the energy locked in a fuel like gasoline (petrol) or diesel and tur