MedicalliteratureUnit1Pathology..docVIP

Unit 1 Pathology Text A Exercises Text Comprehension 1. Answer the following questions with the information from the text. Apoptosis is mainly the result of a physiological process by which cells are eliminated when they are no longer required by the body. Necrosis, on the other hand, is invariably a pathological consequence of cell damage. Apoptosis (literally “falling off” as of leaves in autumn) is characterized by shrinkage and compaction of the dying cell. It rapidly breaks up to form “apoptotic bodies” which are phagocytosed by neighboring cells. Cells tend to be affected singly rather than in contiguous groups and appear as inconspicuous round or oval eosinophilic structures with dense chromatin inclusions. Electron microscopy shows that apoptotic bodies are bounded by intact plasma membrane and crowed with organelles. There is no inflammatory reaction. Yes, it is. Apoptosis is an essential component of normal cell turnover and it corresponds exactly to the rate of cell division in maintaining many organs at a constant size. In contrast to apoptosis, necrosis usually affects groups of contiguous cells. Unless the cells are killed very rapidly, their death is preceded by osmotic swelling and depletion of ATP, and characterized by rupture of internal and plasma membranes and eventual disappearance of chromatin. There is frequently an associated inflammatory reaction. Six. They are marked impairment of blood supply, toxins derived from bacteria, plants, and animals, immunological injury, infection of cells, chemical poisons, and physical agents. 2. Read the following statements and decide whether they are true (T) or false (F). (1)F (2)F (3)T (4)F (5)T (6)F (7)T (8)F (9)T (10)F Vocabulary Enhance your Command of Medical Words 1. Choose the definition in the right column to match the word in left column. (1)C (2)A (3)D (4)B (5)E (6)F 2. Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets, using the medical words from