电气、智能化--201308课件5翻译技巧三+单词分析.ppt

翻译技巧（3）Translation Skills (3) 翻译技巧（3）：被动句、否定句与复杂长句的翻译 专业英语翻译的过程： 表达阶段 校核阶段 理解阶段 词性转换 用词增省 确定词义 句型的转换 被动句翻译 否定句翻译 复杂长句翻译 1. 被动句的翻译 1.1 译成被动句 1) The machine tools are controlled by PLC. 机床由可编程序控制器控制。 2) The strength of an electric current can be measured by the rate at which it flows through a wire. 电流强度可以由电流流过导线的速率来测定。 3) A machine is assembled of its separate components. 机器是由一些单独的部件装配而成的。 译文：被、遭、经过、给、加以、用……来、为……所（使）、由……、受到 1.2 译成主动句 原主语仍做主语 1) If a machine part is not well protected, it will become rusty after a period of time. 如果机器部件不好好防护，过了一段时间后就会生锈。 2) This formula has already been mentioned above. 这个公式上面已经提到过。 1. 被动句的翻译 3) This kind of device is much needed in the speed –regulating system. 这种装置在调速系统中是很重要的。 1.2 译成主动句 原主语译作宾语 1) When power is spoken of , time is taken into account. 说到功率时，总是把时间计算在内。 3) A right kind of fuel is needed for an atomic reactor. 原子反应堆需要一种合适的燃料。 1. 被动句的翻译 4) Friction can be reduced and the life of the machine can be prolonged by lubrication. 润滑能减少摩擦，延长机器寿命。 （译为无主句） （将介宾短语译为主语） （将介宾短语译为主语） 此外，还有增译主语（人们、大家、有人）的形式。 2) New source of energy must be found , and this will take time. 必须找到新能源，但这需要时间。 （译为无主句） 1.3 译成主动句的常见结构与译法 It is asserted that … It is believed that … It is generally considered that … It is well known that … It will be said … It was said … 1. 被动句的翻译 有人主张 … 有人认为 … 大家（一般人）认为 … 众所周知（大家知道） … 有人会说 … 有人曾说 … It is hoped that … It is reported that … It is said that … It is supposed that … It must be pointed out that … It will be seen from this that … 希望 … 据报道 … 据说 … 据推测 … 必须指出 … 由此可见 … 2. 否定句的翻译 2.1 形式否定但意义肯定的句子译法 1) Indeed, it is possible that electrons are made of nothing but negative charges. 的确，电子可能就是由负电荷构成的。 2) The importance of the project can hardly exaggerated. 这项工程的重要性怎么说都不过分。 3) It is impossible to overestimate the value of the invention. 这项发明的价值无论怎样估计都不会过高。 2. 否定句的翻译 2.2 形式肯定但意义否定的句子译法 1) This equation is far from being complicated. 这个方程式一点也不复杂。 2) These elements are shielded so that they are free from the influence