现代经济学第七章解析.pptVIP

经济学家VS.会计师 生产函数与总成本曲线 生产函数与总成本曲线 一个典型企业的成本曲线 主动学习 成本的计算 主动学习 3 答案 Average Total Cost in the Short and Long Run * * Thinking at the margin helps not only Jack, but all managers in the real world, who make business decisions every day by comparing marginal costs with marginal benefits. * * * * * Point out that the TC curve is parallel to the VC curve but is higher by the amount FC. * Most students quickly grasp the following example. Suppose FC = $1 million for a factory that produces cars. If the firm produces Q = 1 car, then AFC = $1 million. If the firm produces 2 cars, AFC = $500,000. If the firm produces 5 cars, AFC = $200,000. If the firm produces 100 cars, AFC = $10,000. The more cars produced at the factory, the smaller is the cost of the factory per car. * * Many students have heard the terms “cost per unit” or “unit cost” in other business courses. ATC means the same thing. * * * * * The following might be helpful: After the first paragraph displays, pick a Q a little to the left of QA. From this Q, go up to the ATC curves. Notice that cost per unit is lower for the small factory than the medium one. The firm may be stuck with a medium factory in the short run, but in the long run – if it wishes to produce this level of output – it will choose the small factory to have the lowest cost per unit. Hence, for Q QA, the LRATC curve is the portion of ATCS from 0 to QA. After the second paragraph displays, pick a Q a little to the right of QA. From this Q, go up to the ATC curves. Notice that cost per unit is lower for the medium factory than the small one. The firm may be stuck with a small factory in the short run, but in the long run – if it wishes to produce this level of output – it will choose the medium factory to have the lowest cost per unit. Hence, for QA Q QB, the LRATC curve is the portion of ATCM from QB to QA. The same type of argument illustrates the logic in the third paragraph. * * * In the following