[公正：该如何做是好？].中英文字幕对照+整理校订版1..docxVIP

Justice: What’s the Right Thing to Do?Episode Two第二集PART ONE: PUTTING A PRICE TAG ON LIFEToday, companies and governments often use Jeremy Bentham’s utilitarian logic under the name of “cost-benefit analysis.” Sandel presents some contemporary cases in which cost-benefit analysis was used to put a dollar value on human life. The cases give rise to several objections to the utilitarian logic of seeking “the greatest good for the greatest number.” Should we always give more weight to the happiness of a majority, even if the majority is cruel or ignoble? Is it possible to sum up and compare all values using a common measure like money?PART TWO: HOW TO MEASURE PLEASURESandel introduces J.S. Mill, a utilitarian philosopher who attempts to defend utilitarianism against the objections raised by critics of the doctrine. Mill argues that seeking “the greatest good for the greatest number” is compatible with protecting individual rights, and that utilitarianism can make room for a distinction between higher and lower pleasures. Mill’s idea is that the higher pleasure is always the pleasure preferred by a well-informed majority. Sandel tests this theory by playing video clips from three very different forms of entertainment: Shakespeare’s Hamlet, the reality show Fear Factor, and The Simpsons. Students debate which experience provides the higher pleasure, and whether Mill’s defense of utilitarianism is successful.第一部分：给生命定一个价格今天，企业和政府经常在“成本效益分析”的名义下使用杰里米·边沁的功利主义逻辑。桑德尔演示了几个当代的给人的生命定价的成本效益分析案例。这些案例引起了几个对“为最多数人的最大好处”的功利主义逻辑反对的意见。即使多数人是残酷而不光彩的，我们也应该总是更重视多数人的幸福吗？是否可以用通常的尺度比如金钱来汇总和比较所有的价值？第二部分：如何测量幸福桑德尔介绍了J.S.穆勒，功利主义哲学家，他试图为功利主义辩护，和该理论的批评者的反对声音对抗。他的论调是“为最多数人的最大好处”是和保护个体权利相兼容的，而且功利主义可以为区别高级的和低级的乐趣提供空间。穆勒的观点是高级的乐趣总是被见多识广的大多数人所喜欢。桑德尔通过播放三种不同形式的视频片段来检验这个理论：莎士比亚的哈姆莱特，恐怖因素真人秀以及辛普森一家，学生们争论哪一种体验提供了更高级的乐趣，以及穆勒的辩护是否是成功的。Funding for this program is provided by:本节目由以下组织Additional funding provided by:和以下个人提供赞助Last time, we argued about the case of The Queen vs. Dudley Stephens,上次,我们谈到女王诉Dudley和