（全新）电子科大数字信号处理课件.pptVIP

Chapter 8Digital Filter Structures The Main Contents: The representation of structures of digital filters 8.1,8.2 Basic structures of FIR filter 1. Direct Forms 2. Cascade Form 3.Polyphase Realization 4.Linear-Phase Forms. 8.3 Basic structures of IIR filter 1.Direct Forms 2.Cascade Realizations 3.Parallel Realizations. 8.4 Summary The n-th output of a digital filter can be represented as: 2.FIR LTI digital filter with following equation: Examples of Implementation of a Digital Filter Given an implementation of a FIR digital filter: 2.Hardware: (1)Hardware multiply-addition unit (2)High speed parallel implementation (3)High speed memory access 8.1 The Representation of Structures of Digital Filters Basic arithmetic units of a digital filter: adder , constant multiplier , unit delay Two representation of these units: 1.Block forms: 2.Signal flow graph: Examples of a Digital Filter’s Two Representations Eg. Given a 2nd-order digital filter is: Some Questions in Digital Filter Structure Design: The delay-free loop problem For physical realization of the digital filter structure, it is necessary that the block diagram representation contains no delay-free loops. Canonic and noncanonic structures 8.2 Equivalent Structures Based on transpose operation, the equivalent structure can be obtained. Steps: (1)Reverse all paths, (2)Replace pick-off nodes by adder, and vice verse, (3)Interchange the input and the output nodes. Equivalent Structures Example 8.2: Equivalent Structures Redrawn transposed structure is shown below: Equivalent Structures All other methods for developing equivalent structures are based on a specific algorithm for each structure. In practice, due to the finite wordlength limitations, a specific realization behaves differently from its other equivalent realization. 8.3 Basic FIR Digital Filter Structures The characteristics of FIR filters: (1)h(n) is a length-N sequence. (2)H(z) is convergent in |z|0. (3)In structure ,there is non-