AttentionthisistheTitlePleaseUseBoldandCapital-Initials.docVIP

Attention this is the Title Please Use Bold and Capital-Initials Anna Smith1* Xinzhou Song2 School of Management, Northern Canada University, PO box 1178, Toronto M3A 2K7, Canada School of Economics, Peking University, 176 Zhong Guan Cun Street, Beijing 100086, China * E-mail of the corresponding author: anna.smith@ncu.ca Abstract This paper is just a sample template for the prospective authors of IISTE Over the decades, the concepts of holons and holonic systems have been adopted in many research fields, but they are scarcely attempted on labour planning. A literature gap exists, thus motivating the author to come up with a holonic model that uses exponential smoothing to forecast some quantitative variables in labour-intensive production. These varying parameters include the machine utilisation that reflects the demand and the worker absenteeism and turnover that constitute the disturbance. Collective equations are formulated to periodically compute the number of workers required. For model validation purpose, twenty-four-month data analysis is conducted on a mock-up basis. Keywords: key words, orkforce sizing, job-shop production, holonic model 1. Introduction In the manufacturing sector today, human capital is still essential for most factories to carry out a variety of manual operations, in spite of the rapid advancement of automation technology and robotics. Futuristic vision of “unmanned manufacturing” (Deen 1993) is forbiddingly expensive, because all its hardware components need to be computer controlled so as to freely communicate with each other; and yet, most of the outcomes are not promising (Sun Venuvinod 2001). By and large, factories equipped with relatively simple machinery controls will require continuous attendance of human operators; for examples, textile mills, leather products, and medical appliances. With limited capital investments in production equipment, the main budget of their fixed costs lies on the workforce size (Techawiboon