稀有金属铟的测定程序.docVIP

上 海 第 二 工 业 大学 研 究 生 期 末 考 试 试 题 科目名称： 仪器分析技术 适用专业： 环境工程 开课学期：2012——2013学年第三学期 开卷 □闭卷 稀有金属铟的测定 翟袁桢 上海第二工业大学城市建设与环境工程学院，上海201209 摘要：综述了近十年来国内外对于铟的分析方法研究进展。在常量铟的分析方法中，EDTA螯合滴定法是目前应用最广泛的一种，其次是原子吸收光谱法和示波极谱电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法 The determination of rare metal indium ZHAI Yuan-zhen (School of Urban Development Environmental Engineering,Shanghai Second Polytechnic University,Shanghai 201209,P.R.China) Abstract: This review has summarized the advance of analytical methods for indium over the last decade. Among the analytical methods for macro indium, complexometry is the most widely applied technique at present, followed by atomic absorption spectroscopy and polarography. Among the analytical methods for micro indium, spectrophotometry is the most popular. In spectrophotometry, fluorone reagents, azo compounds and dyestuff series are used as chromogenic reagents, which occurs a sensitive color reaction with indium. In addition, atomic absorption spectroscopy and electrochemical method are also very important analytical methods for micro indium. Among the analytical methods for trace indium, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry have been widely used. Because the content of indium is very low, separation and enrichment of indium become great important before determination of indium. In addition, the methods for direct determination of trace indium have also been reported, but there are only a few reports. Key words: indium; analytical methods; review 铟是一种罕见有价稀散金属，是稀缺资源。全球预估铟储量仅5万吨，其中可开采的占50%。由于未发现独立铟矿，工业通过提纯废锌、废锡的方法生产金属铟，回收率约为50-60%，因此，真正能得到的铟只有1.5-1.6万吨。 铟广泛应用于电子工业中焊料、低熔合金、高性能发动机的轴承，低温和真空领域作密封件、可溶电极和核反应堆控制棒等领域。目前主要应用于电脑、手机、精密仪表的液晶显示屏以及航天、航空、汽车的高档反光镀膜玻璃上。据预测，铟在新用途方面的用量将会以每年10%~20%的速度增加[]。铟在相关领域应用所占比例见下表1。 应用领域 所占比例（%） ITO靶材 ~70 电子合金与半导体元件 12 焊料合金 12 高速传感器及光伏电池 少量 科学研究及其他 ~6 表1 铟在有关领域应用所占比例 Tab. 1 The proportion of indium a