《化学工程与工艺专业外语课文翻译unit12.14.17.21.doc

Unit 12 what do we mean by transport phenomena ? Transport phenomena is the collective name given to the systematic and integrated study of three classical areas of engineering science : (i) energy or heat transport ,(ii) mass transport or diffusion ,and (iii) momentum transport or fluid dynamics . 传递现象是工程科学三个典型领域 系统性和综合性研究的总称： 能量或热量传递， 质量传递或扩散， 以及动量传递或流体力学。 Of course , heat and mass transport occur frequently in fluids , and for this reason some engineering educators prefer to includes these processes in their treatment of fluid mechanics . 当 然， 热量和质量传递在流体中经常发生， 正因如此一些工程教育家喜欢把这些过程包含在流 体力学的范畴内。Since transport phenomena also includes heat conduction and diffusion in solids , however , the subject is actually of wider scope than fluid mechanics. 由于传递现象 也包括固体中的热传导和扩散，因此，传递现象实际上比流体力学的领域更广。It is also distinguished from fluid mechanics in that the study of transport phenomena make use of the similarities between the equations used to describe the processes of heat,mass,and momentum transport. 传递现象的研究充分利用描述传热，传质，动量传递过程的方程间的相似性，这 也区别于流体力学。 These analogies,as they are usually called, can often be related to similarities in the physical mechanisms whereby the transport takes place. 这些类推(通常被这么叫)常常可以与传递现象发生的物理机制间的相似性关联起来。 a consequence,an understanding of one As transport process can readily lead to an understanding of other processes. 因此，一个传递过程的 理解能够容易促使其他过程的理解。Moreover,if the differential equations and boundary conditions are the same,a solution need be obtained for only one of the processes since by changing the nomenclature that solution can be used to obtain the solution for any other transport process. 而且， 如果微分方程和边界条件是一样的， 只需获得一个传递过程的解决方案即可， 因为通过改变名称就可以用来获得其他任何传递过程的解决方案。 It must be emphasized , however, that while there are similarities between the transport processes, there are also important differences , especially between the transport of momentum (a vector ) and that of heat or mass (scalars ). 必须强调,虽然有相似之处,也有传递过程之间的差 异,尤其重要的是运输动量(矢量)和热或质量(标量). Nevertheless , a syste