20101008细胞器例析.ppt

* 线粒体:是细胞呼吸和能量代谢的中心， （双层膜） * 存 在： 成 分： 功 能： 附着在粗面内质网上或游离在细胞质基质中 RNA和蛋白质组成，无膜结构 细胞内合成蛋白质的场所 核 糖 体 * 内质网 单层膜 蛋白质合成和加工、以及脂质和糖类合成 * 结 构： 扁平囊和囊泡，单层膜 主要功能： 对来自内质网的蛋白质进行分类、包装和运输 高尔基体 * * 结 构：单层膜 囊状小泡 含多种水解酶 功 能：消化细胞从外界吞入的颗粒和细胞产 生的碎渣 “消化车间” 溶酶体 * 液泡 结构？ 液泡 植物细胞置于高浓度溶液中 液泡失水，细胞收缩功能？ 单层膜结构 细胞液 成分？ * * 中心体（由两个垂直排列的中心粒组成） 功能： 动物细胞内和低等的植物细胞中 与细胞增殖有关。 分布： 结构： 中心体 1、具有色素的细胞器 2、含有DNA的细胞器 3、含有核酸的细胞器 4、只含有蛋白质成分的细胞器 5、含有色素的膜 6、含有较多酶的膜 7、非膜结构的细胞器 8、单层膜结构的细胞器 细胞器 存在 形态 结构 成分 功能 其他 * The major organelles of the endomembrane system are: the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), with its rough (RER) and smooth (SER) components; the Golgi apparatus (GA); endosomes (endo); lysosomes (lys); secretory vesicles (sec ves) and granules (SG) and the plasma membrane (PM). The outer membrane of the nuclear envelope (NE) is studded with ribosomes and is continuous with the rough ER. Transitional elements (TE) are specialized ER cisternae from which membrane vesicles (MV) bud off that deliver materials from the ER to the cis region of the Golgi apparatus, possibly by first fusing with each other to form structures that together with the first (cis) Golgi cisterna, constitute the cis Golgi network (CGN). Transport across the Golgi apparatus, from the cis to the trans face is also mediated by membrane vesicles (MV). The trans Golgi network (TGN) is a region in the trans most side of the Golgi apparatus where sorting of proteins destined to distal portions of the endomembrane system takes place. In the TGN, some secretory proteins and plasma membrane proteins are incorporated into secretory vesicles (sec ves). Other secretory proteins are packaged into immature secretory granules or condensing vacuoles (CV), that mature into secretory granules (SG). Secretory vesicles and granules release their contents into the extracellular space by exocytosis, a process that involves the fusion of their membranes with the plasma membrane. Secretory vesicles undergo constitutive exocytosis whe