Chap#Chemistry.ppt

3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 29 * Chapter 3第3章Water Chemistry水化学 2 WATER水 What is it to be used for ? 用途 What is the source ? 来源 What is in the water ? 水中有什么 Measurements and Terms 计量和关系 Treatment 处理 3 Water 水 Salts , Ions NaCl, Sulfate, etc. 盐，离子氯化钠等 Soluble Gases oxygen, carbon dioxide hydrogen sulfide 可溶性气体，氧气，二氧化碳硫化氢 Chemical contaminants pesticides, herbicides solvents化学污染物杀虫剂，除草剂 Insolubles clay, sand, silt, etc. 非溶解固体，粘土，沙，淤泥等 Biota, Microorganisms, Algae 生物群，微生物，藻类 Color, Tannins 颜色，单宁 Silica, Iron, Manganese 硅，铁，锰 4 Some materials are dissolved (soluble)一些物质是溶解的（可溶） Other materials are not (insoluble) 另外一些物质不是（不可溶） 5 Insolubles不可溶 Vary by Source 按来源分类 Clay, Sand, Silt, Debris, Fish, etc.... 粘土、沙、淤泥、碎片鱼等 Physical removal by screens, settlers , sand filters or treating devices 通过格栅、沉淀器、沙滤及处理装置进行物理清除 7 Biological Species and Microorganisms生物种类和微生物 Bacteria, Algae, Mold, Slimes, Bugs ,Giardia, Cryptosporidium 细菌、藻类、霉菌、粘液、虫子、鞭毛虫、隐孢子虫 Odor 气味 Corrosion 腐蚀 Fouling 污垢 Treat with disinfection and sanitization, cleanings and rinses 采用消毒、卫生处理、清理和漂洗等方式进行处理 8 Silt Density Index (SDI)淤泥密度指数 SDI is an indication of the properties of the solution to foul an element by suspended solids. SDI是一项是水质指标的重要参数之一。它表示水中悬浮物的含量 SDI is determined by measuring flow of the solution through a 0.45 micron pad in a given time. SDI值是通过测量规定时间内溶液通过0.45um孔径膜确定的 9 Dissolved Components溶解的成分 Dissolved Gases - Not rejected by the Membrane 溶解气体 – 不被膜过滤 Salts and ions - Are rejected by the membrane 盐和离子 – 可以被膜过滤 10 Dissolved Components溶解的成分 Dissolved Gases 溶解气体 Salts and ions 盐和离子 Chemicals, pesticides, herbicides, solvents 化学物质、农药、除草剂、溶剂 Color, tannins 染料、单宁 Iron, Manganese, Mercury 离子、锰、汞 Silica 硅石 11 Dissolved Gases溶解气体 Gases can be dissolved in water at varying amounts due to pressure, temperature and solubility