chapter3pulsemodulation.pptVIP

Chapter 3Pulse Modulation Chapter Outline Sampling: is basic to all forms of pulse modulation. Pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM): is the simplest form of modulation. Quantization: when combined with sampling, permits to digitize analog signals. Pulse-code modulation (PCM): is the standard method used to transmit analog signals by digital means. Time-division multiplexing: provides for the time sharing by a common channel. Chapter Outline (Continued) Digital multiplexers: combines many slow bit streams into a single faster stream. Other forms of PCM: delta modulation (DM) and differential PCM (DPCM). Linear prediction: is a basic form of encoding analog message signals at low bit rates as in DPCM. Adaptive forms of DPCM and DM. The MPEG-1/audio coding standard: is a transpa-rent, perceptually loss-less compression system for audio signals. Sampling Process Sampling Process (Continued) Sampling Process (Continued) Figure 3.1The sampling process. (a) Analog signal. (b) Instantaneously sampled version of the analog signal. Figure 3.2(a) Spectrum of a strictly band-limited signal g(t). (b) Spectrum of the sampled version of g(t) for a sampling period Ts = 1/2 W. Signal Reconstruction Signal Reconstruction (Cont’d) Sampling Theorem Aliasing Effect Figure 3.3(a) Spectrum of a signal. (b) Spectrum of an undersampled version of the signal exhibiting the aliasing phenomenon. Figure 3.4(a) Anti-alias filtered spectrum of an information-bearing signal. (b) Spectrum of instantaneously sampled version of the signal, assuming the use of a sampling rate greater than the Nyquist rate. (c) Magnitude response of reconstruction filter. Example Example (Continued) Pulse-Amplitude Modulation Figure 3.5Flat-top samples, representing an analog signal. PAM (Continued) PAM (Continued) Figure 3.6(a) Rectangular pulse h(t). (b) Spectrum H(f), made up of the magnitude |H(f)|, and phase arg[H(f)]. Figure 3.7System for recovering message signal m(t) from PAM signal s(t). Other Forms