《被动语态基本概念.docVIP

被动语态基本概念 ? (I)????被动语态的概念 语态也是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，如：People grew rice in this area some years ago.被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者，如：A new swimming pool will be built on our school. (II)被动语态的构成?  被动语态的形式是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称，数，时态和语气的不同而变化。各种时态的被动语态形式如下：1.一般现在时 am/is/are+V(p.p)人们利用电能运转机器。People use electricity to run machines. Electricity is used to run machines.Is electricity used to run machines? Yes, it is . / No, it isn′t.2.一般过去时 was/were + V(p.p)昨天我们在山坡上种了许多树。We planted many trees on the hill yesterday.Many trees were planted on the hill yesterday.Were many trees planted on the hill yesterday? Yes, they were. / No, they were not.3.一般将来时 will/shall +be+V(p.p)下星期我们将举行一场运动会。We will hold a sports meeting next week.A sports meeting will be held next week. Will a sports meeting be held next week? Yes, it will. / No, it won′t.4.过去将来时 should/would +be+V(p.p)他告诉我们人们将在他家乡建一个大水坝。He told us that people would build a big reservoir in his hometown. We were told that a big reservoir would be built in his hometown.Were you told that a big reservoir would be built in his hometown? Yes, we were./No, we weren′t.5.现在进行时 am/is/are +being+V(p.p) 他正在油漆房子。He is painting the house.? A house is being painted.Is the house being painted? Yes, it is. / No, it isn′t .6.过去进行时 was/were +being+V(p.p)当我进厨房时，她正在做蛋糕。She was making a cake when I came into the kitchen.A cake was being made when I came into the kitchen.Was a cake being made when I came into the kitchen? Yes, it was./ No, it wasn′t.7.现在完成时 have/has +been+V(p.p)他已经结束工作了。He has finished his work. His work has been finished.Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn′t.8.过去完成时 had +been+V(p.p)到上个月为止，他们已经把这本书翻译成了英语。They had translated the book into English by the end of last month.The book had been translated into English by the end of last month.Had the book been translated into English by the end of last month? Yes, it had./ No, it hadn′t.9.将来完成时will have +be