汉英翻译第十二讲隐喻的译法[优化].pptVIP

第十三讲 隐喻的译法 一.直译法 在符合英语习惯的情况下，应尽可能在译文中保留原文比喻性词语所用的形象，使译文在内容上和修辞上与原文保持一致： 张正国告诉他时，旁边有听见的人也笑了。那老头子装着没看见，像个老僧入定的那样呆坐着。 As Zhang Zhengguo was speaking, the bystanders who heard him started laughing. The old man pretended not to have noticed it, sitting motionless there like an old monk engaged in contemplation. 二.意译法 原文比喻的形象在译文中难以再现或不合乎译文语言习惯，传神达意也较差时，只好舍去原文比喻性词语所用的形象，保留原比喻的含义，舍形求意，采用意译法。 脱掉棉衣换上春装的人们，好像卸下了千斤重载，真是蹿跳觉得轻松，爬起卧倒感到利落。 With their heavy winter clothing changed for lighter spring wear they could leap or crouch down much more freely and nimbly. 译文中用修饰词heavy，lighter两词，含蓄地表达了原文“卸下千斤重载”的含义。 三.转换法 由于汉英两种语言运用比喻的习惯不同，有时比喻中的同一个形象在两种语言中可能引起不同的联想，所以翻译时不能直接采用，而要改换原比喻性词语所用的形象，用英语中含有类似意义的比喻性词语。 大家心里都乐得开了花，像办喜事那样忙忙碌碌地做着各种准备工作。 Every one was as pleased as though a festival was approaching, and set about getting ready for it. 把原文“办喜事”的比喻形象换成a festival was approaching（节日快要到来）这样的比喻性词语。 练习题翻译下列各句，注意比喻性词语的译法 1、他说了一声：“上！”便像跳涧的猛虎，窜到那个伪军的眼前。 2、他像鹰抓兔子似的揪住伪班长的脖领。 3、群众的愤怒像火山一般爆发起来。 4、他往队前一站，直直的像钉在那里似的。 5、他像一只斗败的公鸡似的垂头丧气。 6、但是，冰雹似的枪弹，最后也逼得他们不得不退下公路向东面撤。 练习答案 1.He gave the order: “Come on!” and like lunging tigers they landed in front of the puppet. 2.He grabbed the puppet squad leader by the scruff of the neck like an eagle seizing a rabbit. 3. The fury of the crowd erupted like a volcano. 4. He halted before the company, standing so erect that he seemed nailed to the ground. 5. He was shaken and unnerved like a defeated fighting cock. 6. However, the hail of bullets forced them to retreat from the highway, and they too went east. 7. I promise not to let my bull’s temper run away with me again. 8. Everyone in the company knew how energetic and fearless he was. 9.This man had formerly been a coward, a fence-sitter. 10. He saw distinctly the cross-road ahead of him. * * 隐喻---- 比喻性词语是指一些利用事物之间的相似特征通过具体形象来比喻某事物的词，词组或句子。如：“太阳就是共产党”，“一切反动派都是纸老虎”，“乌龟缩在壳里似的把守着铁路沿线”等。运用比喻性词语，是为了使语言生动，逼真，富有感染力，是一种重要的修辞手段。汉语的英语都有丰富的比喻性词语，但因使用汉英两种语言的人民有着不同的民族历史和风俗习惯，对比喻性词语的使用也有所不同。翻译时必须注意这一差别，力求能正确地表达原文思想内