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Translation Interpretation John (赵嘏) fhqdnhfly@Main content The way of testing：examination The task of the subject: 1. the basic way of translation 2. the basic way of interpretation 3. the practice of translation and interpretation 4. the principle of translating the business message The definition of translation It is universally acknowledged that the history of translation as cross-cultural communication is almost as long as that of language itself, but the history of written translation and translation theory is much shorter. There is a vast body of literature on the activities of translation, which dates back to Zhi Qian in the period of the Three Kingdoms (220-280 AD) in China (Luo Xinzhang, 1984:2) and Cicero in the first century in the West. (Baker, 1998:277) The concept of translation The term translation itself has several meanings: it can refer to the general subject field, the product (the text that has been translated) or the process (the act of producing the translation, otherwise known as translating). (Munday,2000:1-2) To some extent, it is referred to “interlingual translation” traditionally. Wiliss, Nida, Catford,费道罗夫(А.Х.Хедоров ) also hold this point. Newmark(2001:5), in A Textbook of Translation What is translation? “It is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text.” “Translation as a profession practiced in international organizations, government departs, public companies and translation agencies began only about thirty years ago.[…] Translation as a profession has to be seen as a collaborative process between translators, revisers, terminologists, often writers and clients, where one works towards a general agreement. But finally, only on person can be responsible for on piece or section of translation. ” According to Newmark’s view, translation can be as means of communication, and an instrument in transmitting culture, sometimes under unequal conditions responsible for d