《新》吉林大学计算机导论课件.pptVIP

Computer networks, Virtual reality, Space exploration, Computer-created special effects, … 1.1 The computer as a black box 1.2 Von Neumann Model Von neumann Model looks at the inside of the computer(Black box) and defines how processing is done. 1.2 Von Neumann Model Von Neumann Model defines a computer as four subsystems: Memory, Arithmetic logic unit, Control unit, Input/output. 1.2 Von Neumann Model Memory Memory is the storage area.It is where programs and data are stored during processing. 1.2 Von Neumann Model ALU(The Arithmetic logic unit) is where calculation and logical operations take place. The Control unit controls the operations of memory,ALU,and I/O system. In a computer , most processing takes place in a component called the central processing unit(CPU). 1.2 Von Neumann Model Input/Output Computer Input is whatever is put into a computer system. Output is the results produced by a computer. 1.2 Von Neumann Model Stored Program Von Neumann Model states that the program must be stored in memory. The memory of modern computers hosts both a program and its corresponding data. Both the data and programs are stored as binary patterns(a sequence of 0s and 1s) in memory. 1.2 Von Neumann Model Sequential execution of instructions A program in the Von Neumann Model is made of a finite number of instructions.The instructions are executed one after another. 1.2 Von Neumann Model 1.4 DATA Storing data If a computer is an electronic device, the best way to store data is in the form of an electrical signal, specifically its presence or absence.This implies that a computer can store data in one of two states(0 or 1). 1.4 DATA Data Organizing Although data should be stored only in one form(a binary pattern) inside a computer, data outside a computer can take many form. Data are organized into small units, small units are organized into