KS4 Respiration[精].pptVIP

Now that we know how the energy is made, we need to consider what it is used for? Remember, cellular respiration occurs all over the body. Energy Therefore this energy is used for the many processes that sustain life. Amongst all these, there are a few important uses that we can examine. 1 To allow muscles to contract 2 To build up large molecules from smaller ones 3 To help maintain a steady body temperature 4 To power the active transport of substances within the body What is energy used for? We can consider each one in turn. To allow muscles to contract and relax. 1 In order for muscles to have an effect, they must move something in the body. Often this tends to be a bone. By moving the bone, they create a lever which does some work. bone muscle Using energy generated within the muscle, it contracts and alters the position of the bones. In doing so, work can be done e.g. something can be lifted. Muscle relaxed Muscle contracted energy To build up large molecules from smaller ones. 2 In order for the human body to stay healthy, it must obtain nutrients from the 7 food groups. These are: Fats Proteins Minerals Vitamins Carbohydrates Water Fibre A balanced diet should contain elements from all 7 groups. Once we have digested the food from our diet, we release many useful substances. DIET digestion Useful raw materials The body uses the energy from respiration to turn these raw materials into useful substances. ENERGY Respiration A simple example of this use of energy can be seen when the body builds new proteins from amino acids. Step 1 Proteins are eaten as part of our food (e.g. protein in eggs) Step 2 These proteins are made of amino acid chains. The order of the amino acids is specific to the protein. amino acids Step 3 This protein may not be the one that the body requires. Therefore, the digestive system uses protease enzymes to break up the amino acid chain. Step 4 This process of digestion releases the individual amino acids. Step 5 Now that the raw ma