2010畢设低温固相法处理废铅蓄电池渣泥模拟实验研究.docVIP

摘 要 铅是人类常用金属之一，其用途十分广泛。铅的生产原料主要来自铅矿石，废铅酸蓄电池则占再生铅生产原料的90％。因此，含铅废物的综合利用和资源化得到了广泛的关注。同时，随着国民经济的发展，铅酸蓄电池广泛应用于各行各业，随之产生的废铅酸蓄电池作为再生铅的主要来源，越来越成为人们关注的重点。渣泥是废铅酸蓄电池中铅的主要载体，主体成分为硫酸铅和二氧化铅，随意地堆存会对环境造成极大的危害，因此必须寻求合适的处理方法。 本文首次提出利用低温固相反应法对废铅酸蓄电池渣泥进行脱硫转化处理，并采用模拟料对其进行了系统研究。本研究以(NH4)2CO3 和 NH4HCO3作为硫酸铅的脱硫剂，以(NH4)2SO3作为二氧化铅的还原剂。通过正交试验法，确定了硫酸铅脱硫过程的最佳工艺条件为：NH4HCO3为脱硫剂，NH4HCO3和PbSO4的配比为 2∶1，温度180℃，粒度 250μm，经 100 min 脱硫试验，脱硫率可达93.54％。通过单因素试验法，找出了二氧化铅还原过程的最佳工艺条件为： n (NH4) 2SO3)∶n(PbO2) = 1.5∶1，温度 180℃， 时间 100 min，PbO2的还原率可达到90.16%。 低温固相法作为一种新型的绿色处理方法，具有高选择性、高产率、污染少、节省能源、合成简单等特点。对促进再生铅冶金工业向着环保、高效、可持续的方向发展具有十分重要的意义。 关键词: 废铅酸蓄电池; 低温固相反应; 再生铅; PbSO4脱硫; PbO2还原 ABSTRACT the lead is one of metals commonly used by human,its use is very widespread,At present,the raw materials of lead production mainly from lead ore,Secondary Lead battery waste sludge accounted for 90% of raw materials.Comprehensive utilization and converting into resources of lead in waste is widly concerned.At the same time,with the development of the national economy,the lead-acid batteries are widly used in all kinds of business,as a result of that,the waste lead-acid batteries which has become the main source of secondary lead is foucsed on by people.The lead mud regarded as the most complex constituent in the waste lead-acid batteries is listed as the hazardous wastes by“National Hazardous Wastes List”.If it is dumped randomly,it will cause tremendous harm to the environment,so it is necessary to seek appropriate treatment. This the first time using low-temperature solid state reaction method of waste lead-acid batteries for desulfurization sludge conversion processing, and the simulated material system was carried out.In this study,(NH4)2CO3 and NH4HCO3 as the desulfurization agent of lead sulfate to (NH4) 2SO3 as a reducing agent lead dioxide.With the thogonal experiments,the optimum conditions of PbSO4 desulfuration process were determined.the desulfurizer is NH4HCO3,n(NH4HCO3):n(PbSO4) = 2:1,the temperat